IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.

Although the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are considered master regulators of type I interferon (IFN) induction and IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression, Irf3(-/-)×Irf7(-/-) double knockout (DKO) myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) produce relatively normal levels of IFN-β after viral infection....

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Main Authors: Helen M Lazear, Alissa Lancaster, Courtney Wilkins, Mehul S Suthar, Albert Huang, Sarah C Vick, Lisa Clepper, Larissa Thackray, Margaret M Brassil, Herbert W Virgin, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Ashlee V Moses, Michael Gale, Klaus Früh, Michael S Diamond
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013-01-01
Series:PLoS Pathogens
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118&type=printable
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author Helen M Lazear
Alissa Lancaster
Courtney Wilkins
Mehul S Suthar
Albert Huang
Sarah C Vick
Lisa Clepper
Larissa Thackray
Margaret M Brassil
Herbert W Virgin
Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Ashlee V Moses
Michael Gale
Klaus Früh
Michael S Diamond
author_facet Helen M Lazear
Alissa Lancaster
Courtney Wilkins
Mehul S Suthar
Albert Huang
Sarah C Vick
Lisa Clepper
Larissa Thackray
Margaret M Brassil
Herbert W Virgin
Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Ashlee V Moses
Michael Gale
Klaus Früh
Michael S Diamond
author_sort Helen M Lazear
collection DOAJ
description Although the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are considered master regulators of type I interferon (IFN) induction and IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression, Irf3(-/-)×Irf7(-/-) double knockout (DKO) myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) produce relatively normal levels of IFN-β after viral infection. We generated Irf3(-/-)×Irf5(-/-)×Irf7(-/-) triple knockout (TKO) mice to test whether IRF-5 was the source of the residual induction of IFN-β and ISGs in mDCs. In pathogenesis studies with two unrelated positive-sense RNA viruses (West Nile virus (WNV) and murine norovirus), TKO mice succumbed at rates greater than DKO mice and equal to or approaching those of mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (Ifnar(-/-)). In ex vivo studies, after WNV infection or exposure to Toll-like receptor agonists, TKO mDCs failed to produce IFN-β or express ISGs. In contrast, this response was sustained in TKO macrophages following WNV infection. To define IRF-regulated gene signatures, we performed microarray analysis on WNV-infected mDC from wild type (WT), DKO, TKO, or Ifnar(-/-) mice, as well as from mice lacking the RIG-I like receptor adaptor protein MAVS. Whereas the gene induction pattern in DKO mDC was similar to WT cells, remarkably, almost no ISG induction was detected in TKO or Mavs(-/-) mDC. The relative equivalence of TKO and Mavs(-/-) responses suggested that MAVS dominantly regulates ISG induction in mDC. Moreover, we showed that MAVS-dependent induction of ISGs can occur through an IRF-5-dependent yet IRF-3 and IRF-7-independent pathway. Our results establish IRF-3, -5, and -7 as the key transcription factors responsible for mediating the type I IFN and ISG response in mDC during WNV infection and suggest a novel signaling link between MAVS and IRF-5.
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spelling doaj-art-0258aaa646b143a08b6aba9fa6b533b42025-08-20T03:26:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742013-01-0191e100311810.1371/journal.ppat.1003118IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.Helen M LazearAlissa LancasterCourtney WilkinsMehul S SutharAlbert HuangSarah C VickLisa ClepperLarissa ThackrayMargaret M BrassilHerbert W VirginJanko Nikolich-ZugichAshlee V MosesMichael GaleKlaus FrühMichael S DiamondAlthough the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are considered master regulators of type I interferon (IFN) induction and IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression, Irf3(-/-)×Irf7(-/-) double knockout (DKO) myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) produce relatively normal levels of IFN-β after viral infection. We generated Irf3(-/-)×Irf5(-/-)×Irf7(-/-) triple knockout (TKO) mice to test whether IRF-5 was the source of the residual induction of IFN-β and ISGs in mDCs. In pathogenesis studies with two unrelated positive-sense RNA viruses (West Nile virus (WNV) and murine norovirus), TKO mice succumbed at rates greater than DKO mice and equal to or approaching those of mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (Ifnar(-/-)). In ex vivo studies, after WNV infection or exposure to Toll-like receptor agonists, TKO mDCs failed to produce IFN-β or express ISGs. In contrast, this response was sustained in TKO macrophages following WNV infection. To define IRF-regulated gene signatures, we performed microarray analysis on WNV-infected mDC from wild type (WT), DKO, TKO, or Ifnar(-/-) mice, as well as from mice lacking the RIG-I like receptor adaptor protein MAVS. Whereas the gene induction pattern in DKO mDC was similar to WT cells, remarkably, almost no ISG induction was detected in TKO or Mavs(-/-) mDC. The relative equivalence of TKO and Mavs(-/-) responses suggested that MAVS dominantly regulates ISG induction in mDC. Moreover, we showed that MAVS-dependent induction of ISGs can occur through an IRF-5-dependent yet IRF-3 and IRF-7-independent pathway. Our results establish IRF-3, -5, and -7 as the key transcription factors responsible for mediating the type I IFN and ISG response in mDC during WNV infection and suggest a novel signaling link between MAVS and IRF-5.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118&type=printable
spellingShingle Helen M Lazear
Alissa Lancaster
Courtney Wilkins
Mehul S Suthar
Albert Huang
Sarah C Vick
Lisa Clepper
Larissa Thackray
Margaret M Brassil
Herbert W Virgin
Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Ashlee V Moses
Michael Gale
Klaus Früh
Michael S Diamond
IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
PLoS Pathogens
title IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
title_full IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
title_fullStr IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
title_full_unstemmed IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
title_short IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling.
title_sort irf 3 irf 5 and irf 7 coordinately regulate the type i ifn response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of mavs signaling
url https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118&type=printable
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