Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle

A regenerative braking system is an advanced technology applicable to transportation, particularly electric vehicles. The purpose of incorporating regenerative braking is to recover energy during braking and deceleration, which can be stored in the battery. This paper aims to study the operation of...

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Main Authors: Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor, Siti Fauziah Toha, Muhammad Abdullah, Salmiah Ahmad, Md Ataur Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia 2025-05-01
Series:International Islamic University Malaysia Engineering Journal
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Online Access:https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/3413
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author Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor
Siti Fauziah Toha
Muhammad Abdullah
Salmiah Ahmad
Md Ataur Rahman
author_facet Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor
Siti Fauziah Toha
Muhammad Abdullah
Salmiah Ahmad
Md Ataur Rahman
author_sort Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor
collection DOAJ
description A regenerative braking system is an advanced technology applicable to transportation, particularly electric vehicles. The purpose of incorporating regenerative braking is to recover energy during braking and deceleration, which can be stored in the battery. This paper aims to study the operation of the regenerative braking system based on an urban drive cycle. This study selects the US60 and NEDC drive cycles as inputs to evaluate future powertrain systems and vehicle concepts. The output torque is calculated longitudinally based on the vehicle dynamic equation to determine whether the torque is negative or positive. When the torque is negative, regenerative braking applies, and the state of charge (SoC) of the battery increases. The concept of regenerative braking is that this system uses four MOSFETs as switches. As a result, at the 50% level of SoC, the first regeneration improved performance by 12.22%, whereas the second showed a smaller gain of 5.96%. Similarly, at the 80% level of SoC, the first regeneration yielded a 12.55% increase, while the second achieved only a 6.19% improvement. The rise in SoC for both levels demonstrates that energy can be recovered when implementing regenerative braking. Therefore, the results obtained from the MATLAB simulation will be used for future studies in implementing a regenerative braking control strategy. ABSTRAK: Sistem brek jana semula adalah teknologi canggih yang digunakan untuk pengangkutan, terutamanya kenderaan elektrik. Tujuan menggabungkan brek jana semula adalah bagi memulihkan tenaga semasa brek dan nyahpecutan, yang boleh disimpan dalam bateri. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengkaji operasi sistem brek jana semula berdasarkan kitaran pacuan bandar. Dalam kajian ini, kitaran pemacu US60 dan NEDC dipilih sebagai input bagi menilai sistem powertrain dan konsep kenderaan masa hadapan. Tork keluaran dikira berdasarkan persamaan dinamik membujur kenderaan bagi menentukan tork negatif atau positif. Apabila tork negatif, brek jana semula terpakai, dan keadaan cas (SoC) bateri meningkat. Konsep brek sistem jana semula ini menggunakan empat MOSFET sebagai suis. Hasilnya, pada tahap 50% SoC, penjanaan semula pertama meningkatkan prestasi sebanyak 12.22%, manakala tahap kedua menunjukkan kenaikan lebih kecil iaitu 5.96%. Begitu juga, pada tahap 80% SoC, penjanaan semula pertama menghasilkan peningkatan 12.55%, manakala yang kedua hanya mencapai peningkatan 6.19%. Peningkatan SoC bagi kedua-dua tahap menunjukkan bahawa tenaga boleh dipulihkan bagi melaksanakan brek jana semula. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dari simulasi MATLAB akan digunakan untuk kajian masa hadapan dalam melaksanakan strategi kawalan brek jana semula.
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spelling doaj-art-02533399cff249c2bb342d40214c9a9a2025-08-20T02:30:58ZengIIUM Press, International Islamic University MalaysiaInternational Islamic University Malaysia Engineering Journal1511-788X2289-78602025-05-0126210.31436/iiumej.v26i2.3413Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric MotorcycleNurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-4876Siti Fauziah Toha1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-8393Muhammad Abdullah2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-3698Salmiah Ahmad3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-1812Md Ataur Rahman4International Islamic University Malaysia International Islamic University Malaysia International Islamic University Malaysia University of Doha for Science and TechnologyEastern Michigan University A regenerative braking system is an advanced technology applicable to transportation, particularly electric vehicles. The purpose of incorporating regenerative braking is to recover energy during braking and deceleration, which can be stored in the battery. This paper aims to study the operation of the regenerative braking system based on an urban drive cycle. This study selects the US60 and NEDC drive cycles as inputs to evaluate future powertrain systems and vehicle concepts. The output torque is calculated longitudinally based on the vehicle dynamic equation to determine whether the torque is negative or positive. When the torque is negative, regenerative braking applies, and the state of charge (SoC) of the battery increases. The concept of regenerative braking is that this system uses four MOSFETs as switches. As a result, at the 50% level of SoC, the first regeneration improved performance by 12.22%, whereas the second showed a smaller gain of 5.96%. Similarly, at the 80% level of SoC, the first regeneration yielded a 12.55% increase, while the second achieved only a 6.19% improvement. The rise in SoC for both levels demonstrates that energy can be recovered when implementing regenerative braking. Therefore, the results obtained from the MATLAB simulation will be used for future studies in implementing a regenerative braking control strategy. ABSTRAK: Sistem brek jana semula adalah teknologi canggih yang digunakan untuk pengangkutan, terutamanya kenderaan elektrik. Tujuan menggabungkan brek jana semula adalah bagi memulihkan tenaga semasa brek dan nyahpecutan, yang boleh disimpan dalam bateri. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengkaji operasi sistem brek jana semula berdasarkan kitaran pacuan bandar. Dalam kajian ini, kitaran pemacu US60 dan NEDC dipilih sebagai input bagi menilai sistem powertrain dan konsep kenderaan masa hadapan. Tork keluaran dikira berdasarkan persamaan dinamik membujur kenderaan bagi menentukan tork negatif atau positif. Apabila tork negatif, brek jana semula terpakai, dan keadaan cas (SoC) bateri meningkat. Konsep brek sistem jana semula ini menggunakan empat MOSFET sebagai suis. Hasilnya, pada tahap 50% SoC, penjanaan semula pertama meningkatkan prestasi sebanyak 12.22%, manakala tahap kedua menunjukkan kenaikan lebih kecil iaitu 5.96%. Begitu juga, pada tahap 80% SoC, penjanaan semula pertama menghasilkan peningkatan 12.55%, manakala yang kedua hanya mencapai peningkatan 6.19%. Peningkatan SoC bagi kedua-dua tahap menunjukkan bahawa tenaga boleh dipulihkan bagi melaksanakan brek jana semula. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dari simulasi MATLAB akan digunakan untuk kajian masa hadapan dalam melaksanakan strategi kawalan brek jana semula. https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/3413RegenerativeBrakingDrive CycleRecovery EnergyElectric Motorcycle
spellingShingle Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor
Siti Fauziah Toha
Muhammad Abdullah
Salmiah Ahmad
Md Ataur Rahman
Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
International Islamic University Malaysia Engineering Journal
Regenerative
Braking
Drive Cycle
Recovery Energy
Electric Motorcycle
title Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
title_full Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
title_fullStr Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
title_full_unstemmed Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
title_short Regenerative Braking System (RBS) MOSFET Switching-Based Drive Cycle for an Electric Motorcycle
title_sort regenerative braking system rbs mosfet switching based drive cycle for an electric motorcycle
topic Regenerative
Braking
Drive Cycle
Recovery Energy
Electric Motorcycle
url https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/3413
work_keys_str_mv AT nurulmuthmainnahmohdnoor regenerativebrakingsystemrbsmosfetswitchingbaseddrivecycleforanelectricmotorcycle
AT sitifauziahtoha regenerativebrakingsystemrbsmosfetswitchingbaseddrivecycleforanelectricmotorcycle
AT muhammadabdullah regenerativebrakingsystemrbsmosfetswitchingbaseddrivecycleforanelectricmotorcycle
AT salmiahahmad regenerativebrakingsystemrbsmosfetswitchingbaseddrivecycleforanelectricmotorcycle
AT mdataurrahman regenerativebrakingsystemrbsmosfetswitchingbaseddrivecycleforanelectricmotorcycle