Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk
Abstract Acetaminophen is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. The transfer of drugs to breast milk poses risks to infants, yet dosing guidelines are based on limited data from small studies. Currently, drug levels in milk are simply estimated through invasive blood dra...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | npj Women's Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44294-025-00088-6 |
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| author | Mona A. Mohamed Melissa Banks Sina Khazaee Nejad Abdulrahman Al-Shami Ali Soleimani Haozheng Ma Farbod Amirghasemi Victor Ong Maral P. S. Mousavi |
| author_facet | Mona A. Mohamed Melissa Banks Sina Khazaee Nejad Abdulrahman Al-Shami Ali Soleimani Haozheng Ma Farbod Amirghasemi Victor Ong Maral P. S. Mousavi |
| author_sort | Mona A. Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Acetaminophen is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. The transfer of drugs to breast milk poses risks to infants, yet dosing guidelines are based on limited data from small studies. Currently, drug levels in milk are simply estimated through invasive blood draws. We present a new low-cost, textile-based electrochemical sensor for detecting acetaminophen at the point of use in breast milk. An embroidered conductive yarn (steel and silver) is used, which eliminates the need for complex microfabrication processes. A gold-nanoparticle-doped carbon ink-modified steel yarn serves as the working electrode, with pristine steel and silver yarns as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Using square wave voltammetry, the sensor achieves a linear detection range of 9.9–166.4 μM in undiluted breast milk, with a limit of detection of 1.15 μM. This platform provides a simple and accessible alternative for drug monitoring |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0247946c231e46ca9209e763c238a8df |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2948-1716 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-0247946c231e46ca9209e763c238a8df2025-08-20T03:43:57ZengNature Portfolionpj Women's Health2948-17162025-08-013111210.1038/s44294-025-00088-6Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milkMona A. Mohamed0Melissa Banks1Sina Khazaee Nejad2Abdulrahman Al-Shami3Ali Soleimani4Haozheng Ma5Farbod Amirghasemi6Victor Ong7Maral P. S. Mousavi8Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaAbstract Acetaminophen is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. The transfer of drugs to breast milk poses risks to infants, yet dosing guidelines are based on limited data from small studies. Currently, drug levels in milk are simply estimated through invasive blood draws. We present a new low-cost, textile-based electrochemical sensor for detecting acetaminophen at the point of use in breast milk. An embroidered conductive yarn (steel and silver) is used, which eliminates the need for complex microfabrication processes. A gold-nanoparticle-doped carbon ink-modified steel yarn serves as the working electrode, with pristine steel and silver yarns as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Using square wave voltammetry, the sensor achieves a linear detection range of 9.9–166.4 μM in undiluted breast milk, with a limit of detection of 1.15 μM. This platform provides a simple and accessible alternative for drug monitoringhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s44294-025-00088-6 |
| spellingShingle | Mona A. Mohamed Melissa Banks Sina Khazaee Nejad Abdulrahman Al-Shami Ali Soleimani Haozheng Ma Farbod Amirghasemi Victor Ong Maral P. S. Mousavi Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk npj Women's Health |
| title | Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| title_full | Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| title_fullStr | Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| title_short | Low-cost fiber-based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| title_sort | low cost fiber based electrochemical sensor for quantification of acetaminophen in human breast milk |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44294-025-00088-6 |
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