The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths

The differences in microbiota between periodontitis and health have been extensively studied; however, knowledge about how the microbiota shifts from shallow to deep periodontal pockets remains limited despite its clinical importance in disease progres-sion and management. Patients diagnosed with st...

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Main Authors: Jingyan Wang, Yiran Geng, Jing Guo, Jiahan Peng, He Xu, Bingqian Zhao, Shiyan Huang, Man Qin, Wenbin Du, Jing Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/930
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author Jingyan Wang
Yiran Geng
Jing Guo
Jiahan Peng
He Xu
Bingqian Zhao
Shiyan Huang
Man Qin
Wenbin Du
Jing Tian
author_facet Jingyan Wang
Yiran Geng
Jing Guo
Jiahan Peng
He Xu
Bingqian Zhao
Shiyan Huang
Man Qin
Wenbin Du
Jing Tian
author_sort Jingyan Wang
collection DOAJ
description The differences in microbiota between periodontitis and health have been extensively studied; however, knowledge about how the microbiota shifts from shallow to deep periodontal pockets remains limited despite its clinical importance in disease progres-sion and management. Patients diagnosed with stage III periodontitis commonly pre-sent varied probing depths (PD) within the same oral cavity, reflecting localized disease severity. This study aims to analyze the microbiome of subgingival plaques at various PDs in periodontitis patients. Subgingival plaques were collected from sixteen healthy subjects (health group) and periodontal pockets of sixteen stage III periodontitis pa-tients (PD 0–3 mm, PD 4–5 mm and PD 6–9 mm groups). A total of 64 subgingival plaque samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The PD 6–9 mm group exhib-ited significantly higher alpha diversity than the health group, and distinct subgingival microbial community structures were observed in periodontitis patients, regardless of probing depth. The relative abundance of specific genera differed notably between health and periodontitis states; Corynebacterium and Cardiobacterium decreased, whereas Schaalia increased in shallow pockets (PD 0–3 mm) of periodontitis relative to the health group. Co-occurrence network analysis on the species level revealed that the PD 4–5 mm group had the most complex interspecies interactions, followed by the PD 6–9 mm and PD 0–3 mm groups. These findings indicate significant variations in mi-crobial diversity, composition, and interspecies interactions associated with periodon-tal health and periodontitis severity, highlighting their potential relevance for clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-024763d1c25b4eca90a825332c1f6ebf2025-08-20T02:28:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113493010.3390/microorganisms13040930The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing DepthsJingyan Wang0Yiran Geng1Jing Guo2Jiahan Peng3He Xu4Bingqian Zhao5Shiyan Huang6Man Qin7Wenbin Du8Jing Tian9Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe differences in microbiota between periodontitis and health have been extensively studied; however, knowledge about how the microbiota shifts from shallow to deep periodontal pockets remains limited despite its clinical importance in disease progres-sion and management. Patients diagnosed with stage III periodontitis commonly pre-sent varied probing depths (PD) within the same oral cavity, reflecting localized disease severity. This study aims to analyze the microbiome of subgingival plaques at various PDs in periodontitis patients. Subgingival plaques were collected from sixteen healthy subjects (health group) and periodontal pockets of sixteen stage III periodontitis pa-tients (PD 0–3 mm, PD 4–5 mm and PD 6–9 mm groups). A total of 64 subgingival plaque samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The PD 6–9 mm group exhib-ited significantly higher alpha diversity than the health group, and distinct subgingival microbial community structures were observed in periodontitis patients, regardless of probing depth. The relative abundance of specific genera differed notably between health and periodontitis states; Corynebacterium and Cardiobacterium decreased, whereas Schaalia increased in shallow pockets (PD 0–3 mm) of periodontitis relative to the health group. Co-occurrence network analysis on the species level revealed that the PD 4–5 mm group had the most complex interspecies interactions, followed by the PD 6–9 mm and PD 0–3 mm groups. These findings indicate significant variations in mi-crobial diversity, composition, and interspecies interactions associated with periodon-tal health and periodontitis severity, highlighting their potential relevance for clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/930periodontitisprobing depth (PD)subgingival dental plaquemicrobiome
spellingShingle Jingyan Wang
Yiran Geng
Jing Guo
Jiahan Peng
He Xu
Bingqian Zhao
Shiyan Huang
Man Qin
Wenbin Du
Jing Tian
The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
Microorganisms
periodontitis
probing depth (PD)
subgingival dental plaque
microbiome
title The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
title_full The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
title_fullStr The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
title_full_unstemmed The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
title_short The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths
title_sort subgingival microbial composition in health and periodontitis with different probing depths
topic periodontitis
probing depth (PD)
subgingival dental plaque
microbiome
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/930
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