Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with certain adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, all of which affect patient quality of life, represent an economic burden, and potentially enhance the risk of death. Although a number studies have ex...

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Main Authors: Youwen Gong, Yongqiang Yang, Xueqing Zhang, Li Tong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Systematic Reviews
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02825-z
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author Youwen Gong
Yongqiang Yang
Xueqing Zhang
Li Tong
author_facet Youwen Gong
Yongqiang Yang
Xueqing Zhang
Li Tong
author_sort Youwen Gong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with certain adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, all of which affect patient quality of life, represent an economic burden, and potentially enhance the risk of death. Although a number studies have examined the effects of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions on older adults with SO, the optimal therapeutic approach has yet to be sufficiently established. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) protocol for SO in older adults, we aim to compare the combined effects of exercise and nutrition with those of exercise or nutritional interventions alone on the body composition and physical performance of older adults with SO. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, OVID, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases will be used to systematically search for randomized controlled trials published from the time of database inception to December 2024. Outcomes will include body composition and physical performance, and data will be extracted independently by two researchers. In cases of disagreement, a consensus will be reached by consulting a third researcher. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool will be used to assess randomized controlled trials, and data analysis will be performed using Stata 15.0 and R software, based on homogeneity, sensitivity, transitivity, consistency, and publication bias tests. Discussion By comprehensively assessing the relative efficacies of exercise, nutrition, and combined interventions in older adults with SO, we aim in this systematic review and NMA to fill an important gap in the existing literature. These findings will provide a reference for healthcare providers and policymakers and facilitate the development of evidence-based guidelines that will contribute to optimizing SO management and gaining more favorable outcomes for this vulnerable population. Systematic review registration CRD42024504706.
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spelling doaj-art-023f71e1fd014d4f8b2af2081d3b6ed02025-08-20T03:04:58ZengBMCSystematic Reviews2046-40532025-04-011411810.1186/s13643-025-02825-zComparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysisYouwen Gong0Yongqiang Yang1Xueqing Zhang2Li Tong3Department of Neurosurgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Department of Neurosurgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Department of Nursing, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Department of Nursing, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Abstract Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with certain adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, all of which affect patient quality of life, represent an economic burden, and potentially enhance the risk of death. Although a number studies have examined the effects of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions on older adults with SO, the optimal therapeutic approach has yet to be sufficiently established. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) protocol for SO in older adults, we aim to compare the combined effects of exercise and nutrition with those of exercise or nutritional interventions alone on the body composition and physical performance of older adults with SO. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, OVID, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases will be used to systematically search for randomized controlled trials published from the time of database inception to December 2024. Outcomes will include body composition and physical performance, and data will be extracted independently by two researchers. In cases of disagreement, a consensus will be reached by consulting a third researcher. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool will be used to assess randomized controlled trials, and data analysis will be performed using Stata 15.0 and R software, based on homogeneity, sensitivity, transitivity, consistency, and publication bias tests. Discussion By comprehensively assessing the relative efficacies of exercise, nutrition, and combined interventions in older adults with SO, we aim in this systematic review and NMA to fill an important gap in the existing literature. These findings will provide a reference for healthcare providers and policymakers and facilitate the development of evidence-based guidelines that will contribute to optimizing SO management and gaining more favorable outcomes for this vulnerable population. Systematic review registration CRD42024504706.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02825-zSarcopenic obesityExercise interventionNutritional interventionMuscle mass declineBayesian network meta-analysis
spellingShingle Youwen Gong
Yongqiang Yang
Xueqing Zhang
Li Tong
Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Systematic Reviews
Sarcopenic obesity
Exercise intervention
Nutritional intervention
Muscle mass decline
Bayesian network meta-analysis
title Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_full Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_fullStr Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_short Comparative efficacy of exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_sort comparative efficacy of exercise nutrition and combined exercise and nutritional interventions in older adults with sarcopenic obesity a protocol for systematic review and network meta analysis
topic Sarcopenic obesity
Exercise intervention
Nutritional intervention
Muscle mass decline
Bayesian network meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02825-z
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