Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy

Abstract Background Despite advancements in surgical techniques, interventional procedures, novel pharmacotherapies, and other contemporary treatments, patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remain at risk for graft failure and progression of native vessel disease progression. Co...

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Main Authors: Iftikhar Ali Ch, Khurram Nasir, Azhar Chaudhry, Pei-Tzu Wu, Muhammad Siddique, Raja Ullah, Mashal Tahirkheli, Abdul Qadar, Hunter Weitzel, Rahat Jamal, Naeem Tahirkheli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03434-6
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author Iftikhar Ali Ch
Khurram Nasir
Azhar Chaudhry
Pei-Tzu Wu
Muhammad Siddique
Raja Ullah
Mashal Tahirkheli
Abdul Qadar
Hunter Weitzel
Rahat Jamal
Naeem Tahirkheli
author_facet Iftikhar Ali Ch
Khurram Nasir
Azhar Chaudhry
Pei-Tzu Wu
Muhammad Siddique
Raja Ullah
Mashal Tahirkheli
Abdul Qadar
Hunter Weitzel
Rahat Jamal
Naeem Tahirkheli
author_sort Iftikhar Ali Ch
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Despite advancements in surgical techniques, interventional procedures, novel pharmacotherapies, and other contemporary treatments, patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remain at risk for graft failure and progression of native vessel disease progression. Consequently, secondary revascularization is often required. Methods This is a retrospective observational study evaluating the incidence, trends, and predictors of revascularization after CABG surgery. Results Of 2,476 patients followed in this post-CABG study, 1458 patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to 1005 patients received aspirin monotherapy (AMT). The overall incidence of revascularization was significantly higher in the DAPT group (14.54%, 212 out of 1458) compared to the AMT group (7.07%, 71 out of 1005), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 (95% CI: 1.69–2.97, p < 0.001). 770 patients who received DAPT for six months or more after surgery were compared in sub-analysis and were noted to have significantly higher incidence of revascularization compared to AMT (22.08% vs. 6.96%; OR = 3.157, 95% CI: 2.734–4.940; p < 0.001). The binary regression model revealed that younger patients ( hazard ratio (HR) = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.95–0.97; p < 0.001), diabetics (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00, p = 0.007), patients who had fewer internal mammary artery grafts (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.81, p = 0.003), and patients receiving DAPT of any duration after CABG (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.55–4.72, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive revascularization after CABG. The model, comprising these four predictors, was able to explain 12.8% of the variance in post-CABG revascularization (Nagelkerke R² = 0.128; p < 0.001). The survival rates were 96.5% for the DAPT group and 92.0% for AMT (odds ratio (OR) = 0.421, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.269–0.658; p < 0.001). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus, younger age, fewer Internal mammary artery grafts, and the use of DAPT after CABG were strong predictors of the need for secondary revascularization.
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spelling doaj-art-022e56a78c1140e6956dba5ac66d68f12025-08-20T03:18:39ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902025-04-0120111210.1186/s13019-025-03434-6Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapyIftikhar Ali Ch0Khurram Nasir1Azhar Chaudhry2Pei-Tzu Wu3Muhammad Siddique4Raja Ullah5Mashal Tahirkheli6Abdul Qadar7Hunter Weitzel8Rahat Jamal9Naeem Tahirkheli10South Oklahoma Heart ResearchDivision of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular CenterSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchSouth Oklahoma Heart ResearchAbstract Background Despite advancements in surgical techniques, interventional procedures, novel pharmacotherapies, and other contemporary treatments, patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remain at risk for graft failure and progression of native vessel disease progression. Consequently, secondary revascularization is often required. Methods This is a retrospective observational study evaluating the incidence, trends, and predictors of revascularization after CABG surgery. Results Of 2,476 patients followed in this post-CABG study, 1458 patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to 1005 patients received aspirin monotherapy (AMT). The overall incidence of revascularization was significantly higher in the DAPT group (14.54%, 212 out of 1458) compared to the AMT group (7.07%, 71 out of 1005), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 (95% CI: 1.69–2.97, p < 0.001). 770 patients who received DAPT for six months or more after surgery were compared in sub-analysis and were noted to have significantly higher incidence of revascularization compared to AMT (22.08% vs. 6.96%; OR = 3.157, 95% CI: 2.734–4.940; p < 0.001). The binary regression model revealed that younger patients ( hazard ratio (HR) = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.95–0.97; p < 0.001), diabetics (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00, p = 0.007), patients who had fewer internal mammary artery grafts (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.81, p = 0.003), and patients receiving DAPT of any duration after CABG (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.55–4.72, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive revascularization after CABG. The model, comprising these four predictors, was able to explain 12.8% of the variance in post-CABG revascularization (Nagelkerke R² = 0.128; p < 0.001). The survival rates were 96.5% for the DAPT group and 92.0% for AMT (odds ratio (OR) = 0.421, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.269–0.658; p < 0.001). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus, younger age, fewer Internal mammary artery grafts, and the use of DAPT after CABG were strong predictors of the need for secondary revascularization.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03434-6Dual Anti-platelet therapySecondary revascularizationCoronary artery bypass graftMortality
spellingShingle Iftikhar Ali Ch
Khurram Nasir
Azhar Chaudhry
Pei-Tzu Wu
Muhammad Siddique
Raja Ullah
Mashal Tahirkheli
Abdul Qadar
Hunter Weitzel
Rahat Jamal
Naeem Tahirkheli
Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Dual Anti-platelet therapy
Secondary revascularization
Coronary artery bypass graft
Mortality
title Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
title_full Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
title_fullStr Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
title_short Predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
title_sort predictors of secondary revascularization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and role of dual antiplatelet therapy
topic Dual Anti-platelet therapy
Secondary revascularization
Coronary artery bypass graft
Mortality
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03434-6
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