Biofouling on Offshore Wind Energy Structures: Characterization, Impacts, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Trends

Biofouling, the accumulation of marine organisms on submerged surfaces, presents a significant challenge to the design, performance, and maintenance of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). This work synthesizes current knowledge on the physical and operational impacts of biofouling on OWT marine substruct...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Poorya Poozesh, Felix Nieto, Pedro M. Fernández, Rosa Ríos, Vicente Díaz-Casás
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1363
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