Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling

Soil-borne diseases significantly threaten global crop production, resulting in substantial economic losses. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum, a major pathogen responsible for wilt in the root zones, severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely consumed yet vulnerable vegetable. Conventio...

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Main Authors: Keerthana Rangasamy, Arabi Mohammed Saleh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1606896/full
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author Keerthana Rangasamy
Keerthana Rangasamy
Arabi Mohammed Saleh
author_facet Keerthana Rangasamy
Keerthana Rangasamy
Arabi Mohammed Saleh
author_sort Keerthana Rangasamy
collection DOAJ
description Soil-borne diseases significantly threaten global crop production, resulting in substantial economic losses. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum, a major pathogen responsible for wilt in the root zones, severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely consumed yet vulnerable vegetable. Conventional management strategies rely on fungicides and synthetic chemicals, which pose environmental and health risks, prompting the exploration of safer alternatives such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGRP). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VITK-1 and Burkholderia cepacia VITK-3, both individually and as a consortium, in the presence of Fusarium oxysporum under greenhouse conditions. In vitro assays revealed that the isolates inhibited Fusarium oxysporum, with rates ranging from 64.1 to 76.5%. Additionally, significant inhibition was observed against Ralstonia solanacearum, Septoria protearum (57.2%), Verticillium dahlia (88.5 to 81%), and Cercospora canescens (66.1 to 47.7%) in vitro. Both strains produced bioactive compounds against the test pathogens and formed biofilms, which enhanced plant growth and suppressed phytopathogens. Consortium treatment with Fusarium oxysporum significantly improved tomato seedlings’ antioxidant activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenolic, and flavonoid content, along with enhanced physiological parameters. Gene expression analysis confirmed the up-regulation of defense-related genes, while metagenomic profiling indicated improvements in the soil microbial community under consortium treatment with Fusarium oxysporum compared to individual treatments and untreated controls. These findings underscore the potential of bacterial consortia as effective biocontrol agents that promote plant health and soil microbiome integrity.
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spelling doaj-art-0221030f588d4c86b609876ecfd5fb3d2025-08-20T02:36:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16068961606896Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profilingKeerthana Rangasamy0Keerthana Rangasamy1Arabi Mohammed Saleh2School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaVIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaVIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaSoil-borne diseases significantly threaten global crop production, resulting in substantial economic losses. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum, a major pathogen responsible for wilt in the root zones, severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a widely consumed yet vulnerable vegetable. Conventional management strategies rely on fungicides and synthetic chemicals, which pose environmental and health risks, prompting the exploration of safer alternatives such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGRP). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VITK-1 and Burkholderia cepacia VITK-3, both individually and as a consortium, in the presence of Fusarium oxysporum under greenhouse conditions. In vitro assays revealed that the isolates inhibited Fusarium oxysporum, with rates ranging from 64.1 to 76.5%. Additionally, significant inhibition was observed against Ralstonia solanacearum, Septoria protearum (57.2%), Verticillium dahlia (88.5 to 81%), and Cercospora canescens (66.1 to 47.7%) in vitro. Both strains produced bioactive compounds against the test pathogens and formed biofilms, which enhanced plant growth and suppressed phytopathogens. Consortium treatment with Fusarium oxysporum significantly improved tomato seedlings’ antioxidant activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenolic, and flavonoid content, along with enhanced physiological parameters. Gene expression analysis confirmed the up-regulation of defense-related genes, while metagenomic profiling indicated improvements in the soil microbial community under consortium treatment with Fusarium oxysporum compared to individual treatments and untreated controls. These findings underscore the potential of bacterial consortia as effective biocontrol agents that promote plant health and soil microbiome integrity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1606896/fullbacterial consortiabiological controlantioxidantsgene expressionmetagenomicsantifungal activity
spellingShingle Keerthana Rangasamy
Keerthana Rangasamy
Arabi Mohammed Saleh
Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
Frontiers in Microbiology
bacterial consortia
biological control
antioxidants
gene expression
metagenomics
antifungal activity
title Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
title_full Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
title_fullStr Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
title_full_unstemmed Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
title_short Bio-priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against Fusarium oxysporum: a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
title_sort bio priming of tomato seedlings with bacterial consortium against fusarium oxysporum a study on morphological parameters and molecular profiling
topic bacterial consortia
biological control
antioxidants
gene expression
metagenomics
antifungal activity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1606896/full
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