Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition
ABSTRACT Evaluating how management practices influence the population dynamics of ungulates may enhance future management of these species. For example, in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), changes in male/female ratio due to male‐biased harvest may alter rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, an...
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Wiley
2014-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.450 |
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| author | Eric D. Freeman Randy T. Larsen Mark E. Peterson Charles R. Anderson Jr. Kent R. Hersey Brock R. Mcmillan |
| author_facet | Eric D. Freeman Randy T. Larsen Mark E. Peterson Charles R. Anderson Jr. Kent R. Hersey Brock R. Mcmillan |
| author_sort | Eric D. Freeman |
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| description | ABSTRACT Evaluating how management practices influence the population dynamics of ungulates may enhance future management of these species. For example, in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), changes in male/female ratio due to male‐biased harvest may alter rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, and synchrony of parturition if inadequate numbers of males are present to fertilize females during their first estrous cycle. If rates of pregnancy or parturition are influenced by decreased male/female ratios, recruitment may be reduced (e.g., fewer births, later parturition resulting in lower survival of fawns, and a less synchronous parturition that potentially increases susceptibility of neonates to predation). Our objectives were to compare rates of pregnancy, synchrony of parturition, and timing of parturition between exploited mule deer populations with a relatively high (Piceance, CO, USA; 26 males/100 females) and a relatively low (Monroe, UT, USA; 14 males/100 females) male/female ratio. We determined rates of pregnancy via ultrasonography and timing of parturition via vaginal implant transmitters. We found no differences in rates of pregnancy (98.6% and 96.6%; z = −0.821; P = 0.794), timing of parturition (estimate = 1.258; SE = 1.672; t = 0.752; P = 0.454), or synchrony of parturition (F = 1.073 P = 0.859) between Monroe Mountain and Piceance Basin, respectively. The relatively low male/female ratio on Monroe Mountain was not associated with a protracted period of parturition. This finding suggests that relatively low male/female ratios typical of heavily harvested populations do not influence population dynamics because recruitment remains unaffected. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02055356a35d4c7b849fa09e14ff03ea |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2328-5540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Wildlife Society Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj-art-02055356a35d4c7b849fa09e14ff03ea2025-08-20T02:49:20ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402014-12-0138480681110.1002/wsb.450Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturitionEric D. Freeman0Randy T. Larsen1Mark E. Peterson2Charles R. Anderson Jr.3Kent R. Hersey4Brock R. Mcmillan5Department of Plant and Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young University275 WIDBProvoUT84602USADepartment of Plant and Wildlife SciencesThe Monte L. Bean Life Science MuseumBrigham Young University275 WIDBProvoUT84602USADepartment of FishWildlifeand Conservation BiologyColorado State University1474 Campus DeliveryFort CollinsCO80523USAColorado Parks and Wildlife711 Independent AvenueGrand JunctionCO81505USAUtah Division of Wildlife Resources1594 W North TempleSalt Lake CityUT84114USADepartment of Plant and Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young University275 WIDBProvoUT84602USAABSTRACT Evaluating how management practices influence the population dynamics of ungulates may enhance future management of these species. For example, in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), changes in male/female ratio due to male‐biased harvest may alter rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, and synchrony of parturition if inadequate numbers of males are present to fertilize females during their first estrous cycle. If rates of pregnancy or parturition are influenced by decreased male/female ratios, recruitment may be reduced (e.g., fewer births, later parturition resulting in lower survival of fawns, and a less synchronous parturition that potentially increases susceptibility of neonates to predation). Our objectives were to compare rates of pregnancy, synchrony of parturition, and timing of parturition between exploited mule deer populations with a relatively high (Piceance, CO, USA; 26 males/100 females) and a relatively low (Monroe, UT, USA; 14 males/100 females) male/female ratio. We determined rates of pregnancy via ultrasonography and timing of parturition via vaginal implant transmitters. We found no differences in rates of pregnancy (98.6% and 96.6%; z = −0.821; P = 0.794), timing of parturition (estimate = 1.258; SE = 1.672; t = 0.752; P = 0.454), or synchrony of parturition (F = 1.073 P = 0.859) between Monroe Mountain and Piceance Basin, respectively. The relatively low male/female ratio on Monroe Mountain was not associated with a protracted period of parturition. This finding suggests that relatively low male/female ratios typical of heavily harvested populations do not influence population dynamics because recruitment remains unaffected. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.450male/female ratiomule deerOdocoileus hemionusrates of pregnancysex ratiosynchrony, timing of parturition |
| spellingShingle | Eric D. Freeman Randy T. Larsen Mark E. Peterson Charles R. Anderson Jr. Kent R. Hersey Brock R. Mcmillan Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition Wildlife Society Bulletin male/female ratio mule deer Odocoileus hemionus rates of pregnancy sex ratio synchrony, timing of parturition |
| title | Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition |
| title_full | Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition |
| title_fullStr | Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition |
| title_short | Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: Implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition |
| title_sort | effects of male biased harvest on mule deer implications for rates of pregnancy synchrony and timing of parturition |
| topic | male/female ratio mule deer Odocoileus hemionus rates of pregnancy sex ratio synchrony, timing of parturition |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.450 |
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