Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine

Cigarette smoking confers additional risk from influenza. This study assessed the effect of smoking on humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Adults ≥50 y of age were enrolled during the 2011–2016 influenza vaccination seasons in an observational prospective study. Non-fasting whole blood sam...

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Main Authors: Won Suk Choi, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Michael Susick, Sean Saul, Chyongchiou Jeng Lin, Ted M. Ross, Richard K. Zimmerman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2404752
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author Won Suk Choi
Mary Patricia Nowalk
Krissy Moehling Geffel
Michael Susick
Sean Saul
Chyongchiou Jeng Lin
Ted M. Ross
Richard K. Zimmerman
author_facet Won Suk Choi
Mary Patricia Nowalk
Krissy Moehling Geffel
Michael Susick
Sean Saul
Chyongchiou Jeng Lin
Ted M. Ross
Richard K. Zimmerman
author_sort Won Suk Choi
collection DOAJ
description Cigarette smoking confers additional risk from influenza. This study assessed the effect of smoking on humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Adults ≥50 y of age were enrolled during the 2011–2016 influenza vaccination seasons in an observational prospective study. Non-fasting whole blood samples for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were obtained from participants at pre- and 28 d post-clinically administered, trivalent influenza vaccination. Among 273 participants, 133 subjects self-reported as never smokers, 87 as ex-smokers, and 53 as current smokers. Postvaccination geometric mean HAI titers were significantly higher among smokers for A/H1N1 (p = .031) and A/H3N2 (p = .001). Relative to never smokers, smoking was independently related to seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3, 11.5] for seroconversion to A/H1N1, 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4, 12.1) for A/H3N2, and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3, 5.7) for B. Smoking was also independently related to seroprotection to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The ORs were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.6, 8.08) for seroprotection to A/H1N1 in smokers, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.14, 6.5) for A/H3N2, and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 5.7) for B. Although the mechanism is unclear, smokers showed a better immune response to influenza vaccination than never smokers and ex-smokers. The results can be used to emphasize the value of influenza vaccination for smokers.
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spelling doaj-art-020456daf8df45cc886bccee9712667e2025-08-20T02:34:25ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2404752Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccineWon Suk Choi0Mary Patricia Nowalk1Krissy Moehling Geffel2Michael Susick3Sean Saul4Chyongchiou Jeng Lin5Ted M. Ross6Richard K. Zimmerman7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USACenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USACigarette smoking confers additional risk from influenza. This study assessed the effect of smoking on humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Adults ≥50 y of age were enrolled during the 2011–2016 influenza vaccination seasons in an observational prospective study. Non-fasting whole blood samples for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were obtained from participants at pre- and 28 d post-clinically administered, trivalent influenza vaccination. Among 273 participants, 133 subjects self-reported as never smokers, 87 as ex-smokers, and 53 as current smokers. Postvaccination geometric mean HAI titers were significantly higher among smokers for A/H1N1 (p = .031) and A/H3N2 (p = .001). Relative to never smokers, smoking was independently related to seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3, 11.5] for seroconversion to A/H1N1, 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4, 12.1) for A/H3N2, and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3, 5.7) for B. Smoking was also independently related to seroprotection to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The ORs were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.6, 8.08) for seroprotection to A/H1N1 in smokers, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.14, 6.5) for A/H3N2, and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 5.7) for B. Although the mechanism is unclear, smokers showed a better immune response to influenza vaccination than never smokers and ex-smokers. The results can be used to emphasize the value of influenza vaccination for smokers.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2404752Influenzavaccineimmunogenicityhemagglutination inhibition testssmoking
spellingShingle Won Suk Choi
Mary Patricia Nowalk
Krissy Moehling Geffel
Michael Susick
Sean Saul
Chyongchiou Jeng Lin
Ted M. Ross
Richard K. Zimmerman
Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Influenza
vaccine
immunogenicity
hemagglutination inhibition tests
smoking
title Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
title_full Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
title_fullStr Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
title_full_unstemmed Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
title_short Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
title_sort smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine
topic Influenza
vaccine
immunogenicity
hemagglutination inhibition tests
smoking
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2404752
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