Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites

The study investigates the mechanisms of atrazine (ATZ) migration control in cold-zone black soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FC). Current remediation technologies face several challenges, including destabilization of soil structure due to freeze-thaw cycles, unknown environmental effects, insu...

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Main Authors: Xiangyu Wang, Qiang Fu, Tianxiao Li, Renjie Hou, Mo Li, Dong Liu, Fanying Kong, Mingxuan Liu, Shuqi Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012448
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author Xiangyu Wang
Qiang Fu
Tianxiao Li
Renjie Hou
Mo Li
Dong Liu
Fanying Kong
Mingxuan Liu
Shuqi Dong
author_facet Xiangyu Wang
Qiang Fu
Tianxiao Li
Renjie Hou
Mo Li
Dong Liu
Fanying Kong
Mingxuan Liu
Shuqi Dong
author_sort Xiangyu Wang
collection DOAJ
description The study investigates the mechanisms of atrazine (ATZ) migration control in cold-zone black soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FC). Current remediation technologies face several challenges, including destabilization of soil structure due to freeze-thaw cycles, unknown environmental effects, insufficient long-term effectiveness, and a lack of multifunctional materials and methods to quantify the migration capacity of ATZ in cold climate zones. In this study, three major problems of soil structure optimization, competitive adsorption enhancement and quantification of migration patterns in FC environments were solved through the preparation of clay-based composites (Sep/BC) combined with soil column simulation tests and isothermal adsorption tests. The results of the study showed that the application of Sep/BC material optimized the soil physico-chemical properties: it increased the soil CEC (19.43 %), pH (7.14), EC (62.50 μs/cm). Sep/BC increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil by 42.89 % and porosity by 2.81 %, which resulted in a reduction of the ATZ leaching rate by 49 %. The composites had a maximum adsorption capacity of 160.08 mg/g after FC activation, combining iron-catalyzed degradation with competitive resistance to organic matter. The established migration prediction equation (R²= 0.89) revealed soil hydraulic conductivity, STPSD and organic carbon as the main controlling factors regulating ATZ migration. Sep/BC maintains optimal structural stability in FC and achieves a synergistic fixation effect with TOC/Fe mobility as low as 0.27/0.034. This study provides a solution to synchronise soil improvement and pesticide blocking and control for farmland in cold regions, which is of great practical significance for ensuring groundwater safety and sustainable use of black soil.
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spelling doaj-art-01ee7db7f15045c985127355dadad4d12025-08-22T04:54:46ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-09-0130311889910.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118899Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix compositesXiangyu Wang0Qiang Fu1Tianxiao Li2Renjie Hou3Mo Li4Dong Liu5Fanying Kong6Mingxuan Liu7Shuqi Dong8School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, ChinaThe study investigates the mechanisms of atrazine (ATZ) migration control in cold-zone black soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FC). Current remediation technologies face several challenges, including destabilization of soil structure due to freeze-thaw cycles, unknown environmental effects, insufficient long-term effectiveness, and a lack of multifunctional materials and methods to quantify the migration capacity of ATZ in cold climate zones. In this study, three major problems of soil structure optimization, competitive adsorption enhancement and quantification of migration patterns in FC environments were solved through the preparation of clay-based composites (Sep/BC) combined with soil column simulation tests and isothermal adsorption tests. The results of the study showed that the application of Sep/BC material optimized the soil physico-chemical properties: it increased the soil CEC (19.43 %), pH (7.14), EC (62.50 μs/cm). Sep/BC increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil by 42.89 % and porosity by 2.81 %, which resulted in a reduction of the ATZ leaching rate by 49 %. The composites had a maximum adsorption capacity of 160.08 mg/g after FC activation, combining iron-catalyzed degradation with competitive resistance to organic matter. The established migration prediction equation (R²= 0.89) revealed soil hydraulic conductivity, STPSD and organic carbon as the main controlling factors regulating ATZ migration. Sep/BC maintains optimal structural stability in FC and achieves a synergistic fixation effect with TOC/Fe mobility as low as 0.27/0.034. This study provides a solution to synchronise soil improvement and pesticide blocking and control for farmland in cold regions, which is of great practical significance for ensuring groundwater safety and sustainable use of black soil.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012448Modified biocharAtrazineSoil structureCompetitive adsorptionMigration prediction
spellingShingle Xiangyu Wang
Qiang Fu
Tianxiao Li
Renjie Hou
Mo Li
Dong Liu
Fanying Kong
Mingxuan Liu
Shuqi Dong
Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Modified biochar
Atrazine
Soil structure
Competitive adsorption
Migration prediction
title Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
title_full Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
title_fullStr Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
title_full_unstemmed Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
title_short Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
title_sort mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites
topic Modified biochar
Atrazine
Soil structure
Competitive adsorption
Migration prediction
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012448
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