Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal
A biomonitoring study of air pollution was developed in an urban-industrial area (Seixal, Portugal) using leaves of strawberry plants (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duchesne ex Rozier) as biomonitors to identify the main sources and hotspots of air pollution in the study area. The distribut...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3587 |
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| author | Carla A. Gamelas Nuno Canha Ana R. Justino Alexandra Nunes Sandra Nunes Isabel Dionísio Zsofia Kertesz Susana Marta Almeida |
| author_facet | Carla A. Gamelas Nuno Canha Ana R. Justino Alexandra Nunes Sandra Nunes Isabel Dionísio Zsofia Kertesz Susana Marta Almeida |
| author_sort | Carla A. Gamelas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A biomonitoring study of air pollution was developed in an urban-industrial area (Seixal, Portugal) using leaves of strawberry plants (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duchesne ex Rozier) as biomonitors to identify the main sources and hotspots of air pollution in the study area. The distribution of exposed strawberry plants in the area was based on a citizen science approach, where residents were invited to have the plants exposed outside their homes. Samples were collected from a total of 49 different locations, and their chemical composition was analyzed for 22 chemical elements using X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Source apportionment tools, such as enrichment factors and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to identify three different sources, one geogenic and two anthropogenic (steel industry and traffic), besides plant major nutrients. The spatial distribution of elemental concentrations allowed the identification of the main pollution hotspots in the study area. The reliability of using strawberry leaves as biomonitors of air pollution was evaluated by comparing them with the performance of transplanted lichens by regression analysis, and a significant relation was found for Fe, Pb, Ti, and Zn, although with a different accumulation degree for the two biomonitors. Furthermore, by applying PCA to the lichen results, the same pollution sources were identified. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-01ea5671432c4b80a33825ab839feeec |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-01ea5671432c4b80a33825ab839feeec2025-08-20T02:43:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011324358710.3390/plants13243587Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, PortugalCarla A. Gamelas0Nuno Canha1Ana R. Justino2Alexandra Nunes3Sandra Nunes4Isabel Dionísio5Zsofia Kertesz6Susana Marta Almeida7Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalInstituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2914-508 Setúbal, PortugalCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), 4026 Debrecen, HungaryCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, PortugalA biomonitoring study of air pollution was developed in an urban-industrial area (Seixal, Portugal) using leaves of strawberry plants (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duchesne ex Rozier) as biomonitors to identify the main sources and hotspots of air pollution in the study area. The distribution of exposed strawberry plants in the area was based on a citizen science approach, where residents were invited to have the plants exposed outside their homes. Samples were collected from a total of 49 different locations, and their chemical composition was analyzed for 22 chemical elements using X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Source apportionment tools, such as enrichment factors and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to identify three different sources, one geogenic and two anthropogenic (steel industry and traffic), besides plant major nutrients. The spatial distribution of elemental concentrations allowed the identification of the main pollution hotspots in the study area. The reliability of using strawberry leaves as biomonitors of air pollution was evaluated by comparing them with the performance of transplanted lichens by regression analysis, and a significant relation was found for Fe, Pb, Ti, and Zn, although with a different accumulation degree for the two biomonitors. Furthermore, by applying PCA to the lichen results, the same pollution sources were identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3587strawberry leavesair biomonitoringparticulate mattermetal accumulationcitizen science |
| spellingShingle | Carla A. Gamelas Nuno Canha Ana R. Justino Alexandra Nunes Sandra Nunes Isabel Dionísio Zsofia Kertesz Susana Marta Almeida Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal Plants strawberry leaves air biomonitoring particulate matter metal accumulation citizen science |
| title | Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal |
| title_full | Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal |
| title_fullStr | Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal |
| title_short | Strawberry Plant as a Biomonitor of Trace Metal Air Pollution—A Citizen Science Approach in an Urban-Industrial Area near Lisbon, Portugal |
| title_sort | strawberry plant as a biomonitor of trace metal air pollution a citizen science approach in an urban industrial area near lisbon portugal |
| topic | strawberry leaves air biomonitoring particulate matter metal accumulation citizen science |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/24/3587 |
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