TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses
Stomatal pores, controlled by surrounding guard cells, play a crucial role in balancing carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water loss in plants. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have identified the TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 (TOT3)–plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA1) module as a key player in stom...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1582196/full |
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| author | Lei Gong Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Faizah Amer Altihani Siham M. AL-Balawi Hanan Khalaf Anazi Basmah M. Alharbi Basmah M. Alharbi Md. Mahadi Hasan |
| author_facet | Lei Gong Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Faizah Amer Altihani Siham M. AL-Balawi Hanan Khalaf Anazi Basmah M. Alharbi Basmah M. Alharbi Md. Mahadi Hasan |
| author_sort | Lei Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stomatal pores, controlled by surrounding guard cells, play a crucial role in balancing carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water loss in plants. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have identified the TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 (TOT3)–plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA1) module as a key player in stomatal movement, though its exact role in vascular plants is not yet fully understood. TOT3, a transcriptional regulator, influences the activity of AHA1, which regulates ion fluxes essential for stomatal opening. Under high-temperature conditions, TOT3 promotes stomatal opening, while OST1, a key regulator of drought-induced stomatal closure, inactivates TOT3 through phosphorylation. This phosphorylation serves as a molecular switch, adjusting stomatal aperture in response to heat and drought stress. Moreover, light may also impact stomatal movement via the TOT3–AHA1 interaction. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the TOT3–AHA1 module, its integration with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and its role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Understanding this pathway could contribute to developing crops with enhanced water-use efficiency and resilience to abiotic stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-01d474ed9fb14d97bd34f73a05e26425 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-01d474ed9fb14d97bd34f73a05e264252025-08-20T02:01:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15821961582196TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responsesLei Gong0Nadiyah M. Alabdallah1Nadiyah M. Alabdallah2Faizah Amer Altihani3Siham M. AL-Balawi4Hanan Khalaf Anazi5Basmah M. Alharbi6Basmah M. Alharbi7Md. Mahadi Hasan8School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang, ChinaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaBasic and Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaBiodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, ChinaStomatal pores, controlled by surrounding guard cells, play a crucial role in balancing carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water loss in plants. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have identified the TARGET OF TEMPERATURE 3 (TOT3)–plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA1) module as a key player in stomatal movement, though its exact role in vascular plants is not yet fully understood. TOT3, a transcriptional regulator, influences the activity of AHA1, which regulates ion fluxes essential for stomatal opening. Under high-temperature conditions, TOT3 promotes stomatal opening, while OST1, a key regulator of drought-induced stomatal closure, inactivates TOT3 through phosphorylation. This phosphorylation serves as a molecular switch, adjusting stomatal aperture in response to heat and drought stress. Moreover, light may also impact stomatal movement via the TOT3–AHA1 interaction. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the TOT3–AHA1 module, its integration with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and its role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Understanding this pathway could contribute to developing crops with enhanced water-use efficiency and resilience to abiotic stress.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1582196/fullabscisic acidcarbon di-oxideguard celllightphotosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Lei Gong Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Faizah Amer Altihani Siham M. AL-Balawi Hanan Khalaf Anazi Basmah M. Alharbi Basmah M. Alharbi Md. Mahadi Hasan TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses Frontiers in Plant Science abscisic acid carbon di-oxide guard cell light photosynthesis |
| title | TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses |
| title_full | TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses |
| title_fullStr | TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses |
| title_short | TOT3–AHA1 module: its role in fine-tuning stomatal responses |
| title_sort | tot3 aha1 module its role in fine tuning stomatal responses |
| topic | abscisic acid carbon di-oxide guard cell light photosynthesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1582196/full |
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