A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review

Ectopic breast cancer (EBC) is a rare malignancy arising from mammary tissue located outside the normal breast area, most commonly in the axilla. Its atypical presentation, often without associated breast abnormalities, can lead to delayed diagnosis. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman prese...

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Main Authors: Marouane Boukroute, Abdelmajide Regragui, Ibtissam Bellajdel, Chetbi Zaineb, Hafsa Taheri, Hanane Saadi, Ahmed Mimouni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Radiology Case Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325005588
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author Marouane Boukroute
Abdelmajide Regragui
Ibtissam Bellajdel
Chetbi Zaineb
Hafsa Taheri
Hanane Saadi
Ahmed Mimouni
author_facet Marouane Boukroute
Abdelmajide Regragui
Ibtissam Bellajdel
Chetbi Zaineb
Hafsa Taheri
Hanane Saadi
Ahmed Mimouni
author_sort Marouane Boukroute
collection DOAJ
description Ectopic breast cancer (EBC) is a rare malignancy arising from mammary tissue located outside the normal breast area, most commonly in the axilla. Its atypical presentation, often without associated breast abnormalities, can lead to delayed diagnosis. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman presenting with progressive right axillary lymphadenopathy over 23 months. Imaging, including mammography and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted breast MRI, showed no identifiable primary breast lesion. Histopathological analysis of a core needle biopsy revealed undifferentiated carcinoma with positive hormonal receptor status, consistent with invasive lobular carcinoma arising from ectopic mammary tissue. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical excision, axillary lymph node dissection, and received adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of EBC and highlights the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of axillary masses. Early histological confirmation and a multidisciplinary management approach are essential to optimize patient outcomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1930-0433
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Radiology Case Reports
spelling doaj-art-01ca4d3089834e8db29b1b6738d9d8552025-08-20T03:50:22ZengElsevierRadiology Case Reports1930-04332025-09-012094690469410.1016/j.radcr.2025.06.011A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature reviewMarouane Boukroute0Abdelmajide Regragui1Ibtissam Bellajdel2Chetbi Zaineb3Hafsa Taheri4Hanane Saadi5Ahmed Mimouni6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, Morocco; Corresponding author.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University Oujda, Oujda, MoroccoEctopic breast cancer (EBC) is a rare malignancy arising from mammary tissue located outside the normal breast area, most commonly in the axilla. Its atypical presentation, often without associated breast abnormalities, can lead to delayed diagnosis. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman presenting with progressive right axillary lymphadenopathy over 23 months. Imaging, including mammography and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted breast MRI, showed no identifiable primary breast lesion. Histopathological analysis of a core needle biopsy revealed undifferentiated carcinoma with positive hormonal receptor status, consistent with invasive lobular carcinoma arising from ectopic mammary tissue. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical excision, axillary lymph node dissection, and received adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of EBC and highlights the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of axillary masses. Early histological confirmation and a multidisciplinary management approach are essential to optimize patient outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325005588Axillary ectopic breast cancerHormonal receptor-positive carcinomaLymphadenopathyNeoadjuvant chemotherapy
spellingShingle Marouane Boukroute
Abdelmajide Regragui
Ibtissam Bellajdel
Chetbi Zaineb
Hafsa Taheri
Hanane Saadi
Ahmed Mimouni
A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
Radiology Case Reports
Axillary ectopic breast cancer
Hormonal receptor-positive carcinoma
Lymphadenopathy
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
title A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
title_full A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
title_fullStr A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
title_full_unstemmed A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
title_short A hidden diagnosis: Axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy: A rare case report and literature review
title_sort hidden diagnosis axillary ectopic breast cancer presenting as progressive lymphadenopathy a rare case report and literature review
topic Axillary ectopic breast cancer
Hormonal receptor-positive carcinoma
Lymphadenopathy
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325005588
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