Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review
COVID-19 was one of the most serious global public health emergencies in recent years, and its extremely fast spreading speed had a profound negative impact on society. A comprehensive analysis and prediction of COVID-19 could lay a theoretical foundation for monitoring and early warning systems. Si...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Yunyun Cheng Rong Cheng Ting Xu Xiuhui Tan Yanping Bai |
| author_facet | Yunyun Cheng Rong Cheng Ting Xu Xiuhui Tan Yanping Bai |
| author_sort | Yunyun Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 was one of the most serious global public health emergencies in recent years, and its extremely fast spreading speed had a profound negative impact on society. A comprehensive analysis and prediction of COVID-19 could lay a theoretical foundation for monitoring and early warning systems. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been an influx of research on predictive modelling, with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly machine learning (ML) methods, becoming the dominant research direction due to their superior capability in processing multidimensional datasets and capturing complex nonlinear transmission patterns. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 ML prediction models developed under the background of the epidemic using the PRISMA method. We used the selected keywords to screen the relevant literature of COVID-19 prediction using ML technology from 2020 to 2023 in the Web of Science, Springer and Elsevier databases. Based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 136 eligible studies were ultimately selected from 5731 preliminarily screened publications, and the datasets, data preprocessing, ML models, and evaluation metrics used in these studies were assessed. By establishing a multi-level classification framework that included traditional statistical models (such as ARIMA), ML models (such as SVM), deep learning (DL) models (such as CNN, LSTM), ensemble learning methods (such as AdaBoost), and hybrid models (such as the fusion architecture of intelligent optimization algorithms and neural networks), it revealed that the hybrid modelling strategy effectively improved the prediction accuracy of the model through feature combination optimization and model cascade integration. In addition, we compared the performance of ML models with other models in the COVID-19 prediction task. The results showed that the propagation of COVID-19 is affected by multiple factors, including meteorological and socio-economic conditions. Compared to traditional methods, ML methods demonstrated significant advantages in COVID-19 prediction, especially hybrid modelling strategies, which showed great potential in optimizing accuracy. However, these techniques face challenges and limitations despite their strong performance. By reviewing existing research on COVID-19 prediction, this study provided systematic theoretical support for AI applications in infectious disease prediction and promoted technological innovation in public health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-01c5f5f15e024b0495ffdd640aa2339f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-01c5f5f15e024b0495ffdd640aa2339f2025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-05-0112551410.3390/bioengineering12050514Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature ReviewYunyun Cheng0Rong Cheng1Ting Xu2Xiuhui Tan3Yanping Bai4School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaCOVID-19 was one of the most serious global public health emergencies in recent years, and its extremely fast spreading speed had a profound negative impact on society. A comprehensive analysis and prediction of COVID-19 could lay a theoretical foundation for monitoring and early warning systems. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been an influx of research on predictive modelling, with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly machine learning (ML) methods, becoming the dominant research direction due to their superior capability in processing multidimensional datasets and capturing complex nonlinear transmission patterns. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 ML prediction models developed under the background of the epidemic using the PRISMA method. We used the selected keywords to screen the relevant literature of COVID-19 prediction using ML technology from 2020 to 2023 in the Web of Science, Springer and Elsevier databases. Based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 136 eligible studies were ultimately selected from 5731 preliminarily screened publications, and the datasets, data preprocessing, ML models, and evaluation metrics used in these studies were assessed. By establishing a multi-level classification framework that included traditional statistical models (such as ARIMA), ML models (such as SVM), deep learning (DL) models (such as CNN, LSTM), ensemble learning methods (such as AdaBoost), and hybrid models (such as the fusion architecture of intelligent optimization algorithms and neural networks), it revealed that the hybrid modelling strategy effectively improved the prediction accuracy of the model through feature combination optimization and model cascade integration. In addition, we compared the performance of ML models with other models in the COVID-19 prediction task. The results showed that the propagation of COVID-19 is affected by multiple factors, including meteorological and socio-economic conditions. Compared to traditional methods, ML methods demonstrated significant advantages in COVID-19 prediction, especially hybrid modelling strategies, which showed great potential in optimizing accuracy. However, these techniques face challenges and limitations despite their strong performance. By reviewing existing research on COVID-19 prediction, this study provided systematic theoretical support for AI applications in infectious disease prediction and promoted technological innovation in public health.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/5/514COVID-19public healthpredictive modellingmachine learningartificial intelligence |
| spellingShingle | Yunyun Cheng Rong Cheng Ting Xu Xiuhui Tan Yanping Bai Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review Bioengineering COVID-19 public health predictive modelling machine learning artificial intelligence |
| title | Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full | Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_short | Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_sort | machine learning techniques applied to covid 19 prediction a systematic literature review |
| topic | COVID-19 public health predictive modelling machine learning artificial intelligence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/5/514 |
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