Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study

Background Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The metabolomic signature of EAT is not well studied. Methods Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of...

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Main Authors: Ian J. Neeland, Fang Zhu, Goncalo Graca, Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Gianluca Iacobellis, Ali Farzaneh, Daniel Bos, Mohsen Ghanbari, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Maryam Kavousi, Philip Greenland
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039750
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author Ian J. Neeland
Fang Zhu
Goncalo Graca
Anastasios Lymperopoulos
Gianluca Iacobellis
Ali Farzaneh
Daniel Bos
Mohsen Ghanbari
Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Maryam Kavousi
Philip Greenland
author_facet Ian J. Neeland
Fang Zhu
Goncalo Graca
Anastasios Lymperopoulos
Gianluca Iacobellis
Ali Farzaneh
Daniel Bos
Mohsen Ghanbari
Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Maryam Kavousi
Philip Greenland
author_sort Ian J. Neeland
collection DOAJ
description Background Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The metabolomic signature of EAT is not well studied. Methods Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of serum was performed (1‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill Echo Train Acquisition, lipidomics) and EAT was measured with computed tomography in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; N=3936) and the Rotterdam study (N=465). Associations between fasting serum metabolites and EAT volume were assessed using cross‐sectional linear regression of individual‐level data in MESA and validated in Rotterdam. Results A total of 23 571 metabolomic spectral variables were evaluated. In MESA, after adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, 38 metabolites were positively and 19 metabolites negatively associated with EAT at a false discovery rate P<0.01. Several metabolites were replicated in Rotterdam, including 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol and N‐acetyl (glycoproteins) that were positively associated with EAT and trimethylamine (phospholipids) that were inversely associated with EAT. Branched‐chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and 3‐hydroxybutyrate were also associated with EAT in the Rotterdam study. In MESA, apolipoprotein B and very‐low‐density and intermediate‐density lipoprotein fractions were positively associated with EAT and the majority of high‐density lipoprotein subclasses were inversely associated with EAT. Associations were partially attenuated in MESA and fully attenuated in Rotterdam after further adjustment for health and socioeconomic factors. Conclusions From >20 000 metabolomic features, 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and atherogenic dyslipidemia markers emerged as significant markers of EAT. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolic profiling can improve EAT detection with implications for cardiometabolic health.
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spelling doaj-art-01b6386b77fa443fa910454cfa07c8182025-08-20T03:09:31ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-07-01141310.1161/JAHA.124.039750Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam StudyIan J. Neeland0Fang Zhu1Goncalo Graca2Anastasios Lymperopoulos3Gianluca Iacobellis4Ali Farzaneh5Daniel Bos6Mohsen Ghanbari7Jeffrey J. Goldberger8Maryam Kavousi9Philip Greenland10Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USADepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsSection of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London London United KingdomDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USADivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USADepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USADepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsDepartment of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USABackground Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The metabolomic signature of EAT is not well studied. Methods Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of serum was performed (1‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill Echo Train Acquisition, lipidomics) and EAT was measured with computed tomography in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; N=3936) and the Rotterdam study (N=465). Associations between fasting serum metabolites and EAT volume were assessed using cross‐sectional linear regression of individual‐level data in MESA and validated in Rotterdam. Results A total of 23 571 metabolomic spectral variables were evaluated. In MESA, after adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, 38 metabolites were positively and 19 metabolites negatively associated with EAT at a false discovery rate P<0.01. Several metabolites were replicated in Rotterdam, including 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol and N‐acetyl (glycoproteins) that were positively associated with EAT and trimethylamine (phospholipids) that were inversely associated with EAT. Branched‐chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and 3‐hydroxybutyrate were also associated with EAT in the Rotterdam study. In MESA, apolipoprotein B and very‐low‐density and intermediate‐density lipoprotein fractions were positively associated with EAT and the majority of high‐density lipoprotein subclasses were inversely associated with EAT. Associations were partially attenuated in MESA and fully attenuated in Rotterdam after further adjustment for health and socioeconomic factors. Conclusions From >20 000 metabolomic features, 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and atherogenic dyslipidemia markers emerged as significant markers of EAT. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolic profiling can improve EAT detection with implications for cardiometabolic health.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039750atrial fibrillationcohortepicardial fatmetabolitemetabolomicspericardial fat
spellingShingle Ian J. Neeland
Fang Zhu
Goncalo Graca
Anastasios Lymperopoulos
Gianluca Iacobellis
Ali Farzaneh
Daniel Bos
Mohsen Ghanbari
Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Maryam Kavousi
Philip Greenland
Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
atrial fibrillation
cohort
epicardial fat
metabolite
metabolomics
pericardial fat
title Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
title_full Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
title_fullStr Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
title_full_unstemmed Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
title_short Metabolomics Profiling of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: MESA and the Rotterdam Study
title_sort metabolomics profiling of epicardial adipose tissue mesa and the rotterdam study
topic atrial fibrillation
cohort
epicardial fat
metabolite
metabolomics
pericardial fat
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039750
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