Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia

Objective: To assess the actual xylitol content in sugar-free chewing gums available in a market of Saudi Arabia and investigate its effect on acid production and pH change in vitro. Materials and methods: A total of 29 different brands of xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gums were collected fr...

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Main Authors: Nouf Alshibani, Manal Shalabi, Khuloud AlMugbel, Ebtihal AlSaqer, Nouf AlFarraj, Eman Allam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-02-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001474
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author Nouf Alshibani
Manal Shalabi
Khuloud AlMugbel
Ebtihal AlSaqer
Nouf AlFarraj
Eman Allam
author_facet Nouf Alshibani
Manal Shalabi
Khuloud AlMugbel
Ebtihal AlSaqer
Nouf AlFarraj
Eman Allam
author_sort Nouf Alshibani
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To assess the actual xylitol content in sugar-free chewing gums available in a market of Saudi Arabia and investigate its effect on acid production and pH change in vitro. Materials and methods: A total of 29 different brands of xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gums were collected from five major grocery stores in Saudi Arabia. Xylitol was extracted and its concentration was determined using the D-Sorbitol/Xylitol Enzymatic Kit (Megazyme; Bray, Wicklow, Ireland). The pH of the extracts and the amount of acid production for each product was measured after 15-minute and 30-minute incubation with Streptococcus mutans. Descriptive analysis, concentrations, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the least significant difference (LSD) as multiple comparisons were performed. Results: The xylitol content in grams was clearly stated on the labels of 16 products, while it was stated in percentages on the labels of ten products. The mean pH of most of the tested products was 5.857 ± 0.096. Significant differences in pH were recorded among 20 products (p ≤ 0.05). Highly significant differences in pH (p = 0.001) were observed in five of the products. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate, using an in vitro model, that xylitol can significantly affect salivary pH. The actual xylitol content in most brands of chewing gums currently available in the markets of Saudi Arabia is less than the concentration recommended for prevention of caries. Accurate information with proper labeling is required to enable dental professionals to take correct and informed decisions about recommending the use of these products.
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spelling doaj-art-01aaeb3f521a481f9edd7ebabe5665212025-08-20T03:10:34ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522022-02-0134212112810.1016/j.sdentj.2021.11.001Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi ArabiaNouf Alshibani0Manal Shalabi1Khuloud AlMugbel2Ebtihal AlSaqer3Nouf AlFarraj4Eman Allam5Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author at: Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaGeneral Practitioner, Ministry of Health, Saudi ArabiaGeneral Practitioner, Ministry of Health, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE; Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptObjective: To assess the actual xylitol content in sugar-free chewing gums available in a market of Saudi Arabia and investigate its effect on acid production and pH change in vitro. Materials and methods: A total of 29 different brands of xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gums were collected from five major grocery stores in Saudi Arabia. Xylitol was extracted and its concentration was determined using the D-Sorbitol/Xylitol Enzymatic Kit (Megazyme; Bray, Wicklow, Ireland). The pH of the extracts and the amount of acid production for each product was measured after 15-minute and 30-minute incubation with Streptococcus mutans. Descriptive analysis, concentrations, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the least significant difference (LSD) as multiple comparisons were performed. Results: The xylitol content in grams was clearly stated on the labels of 16 products, while it was stated in percentages on the labels of ten products. The mean pH of most of the tested products was 5.857 ± 0.096. Significant differences in pH were recorded among 20 products (p ≤ 0.05). Highly significant differences in pH (p = 0.001) were observed in five of the products. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate, using an in vitro model, that xylitol can significantly affect salivary pH. The actual xylitol content in most brands of chewing gums currently available in the markets of Saudi Arabia is less than the concentration recommended for prevention of caries. Accurate information with proper labeling is required to enable dental professionals to take correct and informed decisions about recommending the use of these products.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001474XylitolChewing gumOral healthDental caries
spellingShingle Nouf Alshibani
Manal Shalabi
Khuloud AlMugbel
Ebtihal AlSaqer
Nouf AlFarraj
Eman Allam
Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Dental Journal
Xylitol
Chewing gum
Oral health
Dental caries
title Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
title_full Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
title_short Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia
title_sort xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of saudi arabia
topic Xylitol
Chewing gum
Oral health
Dental caries
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001474
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AT khuloudalmugbel xylitolcontentandacidproductionofchewinggumsavailableinthemarketsofsaudiarabia
AT ebtihalalsaqer xylitolcontentandacidproductionofchewinggumsavailableinthemarketsofsaudiarabia
AT noufalfarraj xylitolcontentandacidproductionofchewinggumsavailableinthemarketsofsaudiarabia
AT emanallam xylitolcontentandacidproductionofchewinggumsavailableinthemarketsofsaudiarabia