The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a fatal microorganism for a variety of cyprinid fish species, sparking off enormous economic losses in freshwater fish aquaculture. For alleviating losses, immersion vaccination is an extremely promising maneuver to prevent and curb on SVCV infection. In our pr...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Nano TransMed |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000081 |
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| author | Han Zhang Pan-pan Zhang Xin-Xin Liu Hai-hua Peng Qun Liu Jun Wang Bin Zhu Yong-Can Zhou Yun Sun Chen Zhang |
| author_facet | Han Zhang Pan-pan Zhang Xin-Xin Liu Hai-hua Peng Qun Liu Jun Wang Bin Zhu Yong-Can Zhou Yun Sun Chen Zhang |
| author_sort | Han Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a fatal microorganism for a variety of cyprinid fish species, sparking off enormous economic losses in freshwater fish aquaculture. For alleviating losses, immersion vaccination is an extremely promising maneuver to prevent and curb on SVCV infection. In our previous research, we designed a modular immersion nanovaccine (LSG-TDH) targeting SVCV, and found that it could induce not merely mucosal immunity but systemic immune responses in zebrafish. Nevertheless, our previous research was unable to elaborate on how LSG-TDH were taken up by the cells. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate its transmembrane transport mechanism in vitro using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and macrophages as models. The transmembrane transport mechanism of LSG-TDH on EPC cells and macrophages was analyzed by cell fluorescence, flow cytometry and chemical inhibitor experiments. The results showed that the entry of LSG-TDH into cells was time-dependent and energy-dependent. Chlorpromazine significantly inhibited the transmembrane transport of LSG-TDH. The contents of LSG-TDH into EPC cells and macrophages after treated with chlorpromazine decreased by 80 % and 71 %, respectively. It is indicated that the transmembrane transport of LSG-TDH was mainly achieved through clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. This study provides a reference for the delivery mechanism of aquatic nanovaccine, which has important scientific significance and application prospect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-01a264b8a22b4597a60ef3c8a14f2266 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2790-6760 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano TransMed |
| spelling | doaj-art-01a264b8a22b4597a60ef3c8a14f22662025-08-20T02:59:53ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Nano TransMed2790-67602025-12-01410007710.1016/j.ntm.2025.100077The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccineHan Zhang0Pan-pan Zhang1Xin-Xin Liu2Hai-hua Peng3Qun Liu4Jun Wang5Bin Zhu6Yong-Can Zhou7Yun Sun8Chen Zhang9School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaBureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of GuangRao, Dongying, Shandong, ChinaBureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of GuangRao, Dongying, Shandong, ChinaLaboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&∼F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, ChinaSchool of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hakou 570228, China; Corresponding author.Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a fatal microorganism for a variety of cyprinid fish species, sparking off enormous economic losses in freshwater fish aquaculture. For alleviating losses, immersion vaccination is an extremely promising maneuver to prevent and curb on SVCV infection. In our previous research, we designed a modular immersion nanovaccine (LSG-TDH) targeting SVCV, and found that it could induce not merely mucosal immunity but systemic immune responses in zebrafish. Nevertheless, our previous research was unable to elaborate on how LSG-TDH were taken up by the cells. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate its transmembrane transport mechanism in vitro using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and macrophages as models. The transmembrane transport mechanism of LSG-TDH on EPC cells and macrophages was analyzed by cell fluorescence, flow cytometry and chemical inhibitor experiments. The results showed that the entry of LSG-TDH into cells was time-dependent and energy-dependent. Chlorpromazine significantly inhibited the transmembrane transport of LSG-TDH. The contents of LSG-TDH into EPC cells and macrophages after treated with chlorpromazine decreased by 80 % and 71 %, respectively. It is indicated that the transmembrane transport of LSG-TDH was mainly achieved through clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. This study provides a reference for the delivery mechanism of aquatic nanovaccine, which has important scientific significance and application prospect.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000081Spring viremia of carp virusNanovaccineTransmembrane transportMechanismsEndocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Han Zhang Pan-pan Zhang Xin-Xin Liu Hai-hua Peng Qun Liu Jun Wang Bin Zhu Yong-Can Zhou Yun Sun Chen Zhang The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine Nano TransMed Spring viremia of carp virus Nanovaccine Transmembrane transport Mechanisms Endocytosis |
| title | The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine |
| title_full | The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine |
| title_fullStr | The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine |
| title_short | The delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of SVCV nanovaccine |
| title_sort | delivery and transmembrane transport mechanism of svcv nanovaccine |
| topic | Spring viremia of carp virus Nanovaccine Transmembrane transport Mechanisms Endocytosis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000081 |
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