A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study
Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic condition. Serial FVC monitoring is most commonly used to assess progression of disease but FVC does not always reflect regional CT change in IPF. Recently there has been growing interest in quantitative CT (qCT) asses...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03825-4 |
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| author | Andrew Achaiah Emily Fraser Peter Saunders Rachel Hoyles Rachel Benamore Ling-Pei Ho |
| author_facet | Andrew Achaiah Emily Fraser Peter Saunders Rachel Hoyles Rachel Benamore Ling-Pei Ho |
| author_sort | Andrew Achaiah |
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| description | Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic condition. Serial FVC monitoring is most commonly used to assess progression of disease but FVC does not always reflect regional CT change in IPF. Recently there has been growing interest in quantitative CT (qCT) assessment of IPF. In this study, we compared different physiological and qCT measurements of disease progression in predicting mortality in IPF. Aims We question if a composite measure of disease progression using qCT and FVC is more predictive of mortality than individual measurements, and if addition of blood leukocyte levels further enhance predictive ability of these measurements of disease progression. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of an IPF cohort (n = 71). Annualised change (∆) in CT-measured lung volume (CTvol) and total lung fibrosis score (TLF) were calculated (using the computer software CALIPER) together with annualised change in FVC and blood leukocyte levels within 4 months of first CT. These were modelled against mortality using multivariate Cox regression. Concordance indexes (C-statistic) of different Cox regression models were used to determine the most predictive and discriminative combination for mortality. Results 65 cases (91.5%) were male. Median (IQR) age 73.6 years (68.4–79.3). Death was reported in 24 cases (33.8%). The median annualised change in (∆)FVC was − 4.4% (-9.6-0.0), ∆TLF; + 2.9% (0.2-7.0), and ∆CTvol; -4.3% (0.0-10.9). Combined measurements of disease progression (∆CTvol, ∆FVC and ∆TLF%) out-performed single-variable measurements in predicting all-cause mortality in IPF. The composite variable of [ΔFVC >10%, ΔCTvol >10% or ΔTLF% >10%] was most predictive of mortality [HR 7.14 (2.45–20.79), p <0.001]. Inclusion of blood leukocytes improved C-statistic scores for each multivariate model. Conclusion Composite end points of ∆CTvol, ∆FVC and ∆TLF% were more predictive of mortality than single-variable measurements in this cohort. Inclusion of blood leukocytes into risk stratification models further improved mortality prediction for all measures of disease progression. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-019fca17e6344b9f889bf6e8b6a87507 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2466 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-019fca17e6344b9f889bf6e8b6a875072025-08-20T03:45:40ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662025-07-0125111010.1186/s12890-025-03825-4A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort studyAndrew Achaiah0Emily Fraser1Peter Saunders2Rachel Hoyles3Rachel Benamore4Ling-Pei Ho5MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford Radiology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustMRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordAbstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic condition. Serial FVC monitoring is most commonly used to assess progression of disease but FVC does not always reflect regional CT change in IPF. Recently there has been growing interest in quantitative CT (qCT) assessment of IPF. In this study, we compared different physiological and qCT measurements of disease progression in predicting mortality in IPF. Aims We question if a composite measure of disease progression using qCT and FVC is more predictive of mortality than individual measurements, and if addition of blood leukocyte levels further enhance predictive ability of these measurements of disease progression. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of an IPF cohort (n = 71). Annualised change (∆) in CT-measured lung volume (CTvol) and total lung fibrosis score (TLF) were calculated (using the computer software CALIPER) together with annualised change in FVC and blood leukocyte levels within 4 months of first CT. These were modelled against mortality using multivariate Cox regression. Concordance indexes (C-statistic) of different Cox regression models were used to determine the most predictive and discriminative combination for mortality. Results 65 cases (91.5%) were male. Median (IQR) age 73.6 years (68.4–79.3). Death was reported in 24 cases (33.8%). The median annualised change in (∆)FVC was − 4.4% (-9.6-0.0), ∆TLF; + 2.9% (0.2-7.0), and ∆CTvol; -4.3% (0.0-10.9). Combined measurements of disease progression (∆CTvol, ∆FVC and ∆TLF%) out-performed single-variable measurements in predicting all-cause mortality in IPF. The composite variable of [ΔFVC >10%, ΔCTvol >10% or ΔTLF% >10%] was most predictive of mortality [HR 7.14 (2.45–20.79), p <0.001]. Inclusion of blood leukocytes improved C-statistic scores for each multivariate model. Conclusion Composite end points of ∆CTvol, ∆FVC and ∆TLF% were more predictive of mortality than single-variable measurements in this cohort. Inclusion of blood leukocytes into risk stratification models further improved mortality prediction for all measures of disease progression.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03825-4 |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Achaiah Emily Fraser Peter Saunders Rachel Hoyles Rachel Benamore Ling-Pei Ho A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| title | A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study |
| title_full | A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study |
| title_fullStr | A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study |
| title_short | A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study |
| title_sort | combined measure of blood leukocytes forced vital capacity and quantitative ct is highly predictive of mortality in ipf results of a single centre cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03825-4 |
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