Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning

Spatial planning, recognized as a systematic policy instrument for regional development and governance, plays a crucial role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study establishes a framework for carbon sources/sinks estimation and carbon compensation optimization and conducts empiri...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haifeng Yang, Guofang Zhai, Yifu Ge, Tong Jiang, Buda Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Land
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/414
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850231574935633920
author Haifeng Yang
Guofang Zhai
Yifu Ge
Tong Jiang
Buda Su
author_facet Haifeng Yang
Guofang Zhai
Yifu Ge
Tong Jiang
Buda Su
author_sort Haifeng Yang
collection DOAJ
description Spatial planning, recognized as a systematic policy instrument for regional development and governance, plays a crucial role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study establishes a framework for carbon sources/sinks estimation and carbon compensation optimization and conducts empirical research in a representative coal resource-based city. We analyzed the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of net carbon emissions in Huaibei from 2006 to 2020 using a spatial correlation model and an improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA). Then, we applied the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index and the SOM-K-means clustering model to categorize the carbon pattern into payment, balance, and compensation areas. These areas were further integrated with the “Three-zones and Three-lines” to reclassify nine spatial partition optimization types. Finally, we proposed a targeted emission reduction and sink enhancement optimization scheme. We found that urban carbon emissions and carbon sinks exhibit a significant mismatch, with the net carbon emission intensity reaching 166.76–383.27 t·hm<sup>−2</sup> from 2006 to 2020, showing a rapid increase followed by stabilization. The high-value area, centered in Xiangshan District, exhibits a circularly decreasing spatial characteristic, gradually extending to the central city of Suixi County. In the optimized payment area, the level of the carbon emission contributive coefficient surpasses the ecological support coefficient (3.92 < ECC < 6.04, 2.09 < ESC < 3.58). The optimized space in the balance area type is primarily situated in mining subsidence areas, leading to a lower overall level (0.42 < ECC < 0.57, 0.49 < ESC < 1.13). The optimized space in the compensation area type (2.24 < ECC < 3.25, 4.59 < ESC < 5.69) requires economic or non-economic compensation from the payment area. The study combines the “Three-zones and Three-lines” with the results of carbon compensation to formulate an urban emission reduction and sink enhancement program, which not only helps to consolidate the theory of low-carbon cities but also effectively promotes the realization of the regional carbon peak goal.
format Article
id doaj-art-019d70415eef486882ff5ec71dfed8a9
institution OA Journals
issn 2073-445X
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Land
spelling doaj-art-019d70415eef486882ff5ec71dfed8a92025-08-20T02:03:28ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-02-0114241410.3390/land14020414Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial PlanningHaifeng Yang0Guofang Zhai1Yifu Ge2Tong Jiang3Buda Su4Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, School of Geographic Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210044, ChinaResearch Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, School of Geographic Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaResearch Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, School of Geographic Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSpatial planning, recognized as a systematic policy instrument for regional development and governance, plays a crucial role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study establishes a framework for carbon sources/sinks estimation and carbon compensation optimization and conducts empirical research in a representative coal resource-based city. We analyzed the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of net carbon emissions in Huaibei from 2006 to 2020 using a spatial correlation model and an improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA). Then, we applied the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index and the SOM-K-means clustering model to categorize the carbon pattern into payment, balance, and compensation areas. These areas were further integrated with the “Three-zones and Three-lines” to reclassify nine spatial partition optimization types. Finally, we proposed a targeted emission reduction and sink enhancement optimization scheme. We found that urban carbon emissions and carbon sinks exhibit a significant mismatch, with the net carbon emission intensity reaching 166.76–383.27 t·hm<sup>−2</sup> from 2006 to 2020, showing a rapid increase followed by stabilization. The high-value area, centered in Xiangshan District, exhibits a circularly decreasing spatial characteristic, gradually extending to the central city of Suixi County. In the optimized payment area, the level of the carbon emission contributive coefficient surpasses the ecological support coefficient (3.92 < ECC < 6.04, 2.09 < ESC < 3.58). The optimized space in the balance area type is primarily situated in mining subsidence areas, leading to a lower overall level (0.42 < ECC < 0.57, 0.49 < ESC < 1.13). The optimized space in the compensation area type (2.24 < ECC < 3.25, 4.59 < ESC < 5.69) requires economic or non-economic compensation from the payment area. The study combines the “Three-zones and Three-lines” with the results of carbon compensation to formulate an urban emission reduction and sink enhancement program, which not only helps to consolidate the theory of low-carbon cities but also effectively promotes the realization of the regional carbon peak goal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/414carbon budgetcarbon compensationspatial optimization partitionspatial planning“Three-zones and Three-lines”
spellingShingle Haifeng Yang
Guofang Zhai
Yifu Ge
Tong Jiang
Buda Su
Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
Land
carbon budget
carbon compensation
spatial optimization partition
spatial planning
“Three-zones and Three-lines”
title Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
title_full Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
title_fullStr Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
title_full_unstemmed Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
title_short Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
title_sort spatial temporal difference of urban carbon budget and carbon compensation optimization partition from the perspective of spatial planning
topic carbon budget
carbon compensation
spatial optimization partition
spatial planning
“Three-zones and Three-lines”
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/414
work_keys_str_mv AT haifengyang spatialtemporaldifferenceofurbancarbonbudgetandcarboncompensationoptimizationpartitionfromtheperspectiveofspatialplanning
AT guofangzhai spatialtemporaldifferenceofurbancarbonbudgetandcarboncompensationoptimizationpartitionfromtheperspectiveofspatialplanning
AT yifuge spatialtemporaldifferenceofurbancarbonbudgetandcarboncompensationoptimizationpartitionfromtheperspectiveofspatialplanning
AT tongjiang spatialtemporaldifferenceofurbancarbonbudgetandcarboncompensationoptimizationpartitionfromtheperspectiveofspatialplanning
AT budasu spatialtemporaldifferenceofurbancarbonbudgetandcarboncompensationoptimizationpartitionfromtheperspectiveofspatialplanning