25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens

Broiler breeder hens allowed ad libitum (Ad) feed intake developed obesity and cardiac pathogenesis and thereby were susceptible to sudden death. A supplement of 69 µg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed rescued the livability of feed-restricted (R) and Ad-hens (mortality; 6.7% vs. 8.9% and...

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Main Authors: Shih-Kai Chiang, Mei-Ying Sin, Jun-Wen Lin, Maraddin Siregar, Gilmour Valdez, Yu-Hui Chen, Thau Kiong Chung, Rosemary L. Walzem, Lin-Chu Chang, Shuen-Ei Chen
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1426
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author Shih-Kai Chiang
Mei-Ying Sin
Jun-Wen Lin
Maraddin Siregar
Gilmour Valdez
Yu-Hui Chen
Thau Kiong Chung
Rosemary L. Walzem
Lin-Chu Chang
Shuen-Ei Chen
author_facet Shih-Kai Chiang
Mei-Ying Sin
Jun-Wen Lin
Maraddin Siregar
Gilmour Valdez
Yu-Hui Chen
Thau Kiong Chung
Rosemary L. Walzem
Lin-Chu Chang
Shuen-Ei Chen
author_sort Shih-Kai Chiang
collection DOAJ
description Broiler breeder hens allowed ad libitum (Ad) feed intake developed obesity and cardiac pathogenesis and thereby were susceptible to sudden death. A supplement of 69 µg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed rescued the livability of feed-restricted (R) and Ad-hens (mortality; 6.7% vs. 8.9% and 31.1% vs. 48.9%). Necropsy with the surviving counterparts along the time course confirmed alleviation of myocardial remodeling and functional failure by 25-OH-D3, as shown by BNP and MHC-β expressions, pathological hypertrophy, and cardiorespiratory responses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). 25-OH-D3 mitigated cardiac deficient bioenergetics in Ad-hens by rescuing PGC-1α activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and electron transport chain complex activities, and metabolic adaptions in glucose oxidation, pyruvate/lactate interconversion, TCA cycle, and β-oxidation, as well as in TG and ceramide accumulation to limit lipotoxic development (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 also sustained Nrf2 activation and relieved MDA accumulation, protein carbonylation, and GSH depletion to potentiate cell survival in the failing heart (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Parts of the redox amendments were mediated via lessened blood hematocrit and heme metabolism, and improved iron status and related gene regulations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, 25-OH-D3 ameliorates cardiac pathological remodeling and functional compromise to rescue the livability of obese hens through metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial bioenergetics, and by operating at antioxidant defense, and heme and iron metabolism, to maintain redox homeostasis and sustain cell viability.
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spelling doaj-art-016d44bf86704381a2be7ae0fd6acc772025-08-20T01:53:48ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-11-011311142610.3390/antiox1311142625-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese ChickensShih-Kai Chiang0Mei-Ying Sin1Jun-Wen Lin2Maraddin Siregar3Gilmour Valdez4Yu-Hui Chen5Thau Kiong Chung6Rosemary L. Walzem7Lin-Chu Chang8Shuen-Ei Chen9Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanChinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanDSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Mapletree Business City, Singapore 117440, SingaporeDepartment of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAChinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, TaiwanBroiler breeder hens allowed ad libitum (Ad) feed intake developed obesity and cardiac pathogenesis and thereby were susceptible to sudden death. A supplement of 69 µg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed rescued the livability of feed-restricted (R) and Ad-hens (mortality; 6.7% vs. 8.9% and 31.1% vs. 48.9%). Necropsy with the surviving counterparts along the time course confirmed alleviation of myocardial remodeling and functional failure by 25-OH-D3, as shown by BNP and MHC-β expressions, pathological hypertrophy, and cardiorespiratory responses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). 25-OH-D3 mitigated cardiac deficient bioenergetics in Ad-hens by rescuing PGC-1α activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and electron transport chain complex activities, and metabolic adaptions in glucose oxidation, pyruvate/lactate interconversion, TCA cycle, and β-oxidation, as well as in TG and ceramide accumulation to limit lipotoxic development (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 also sustained Nrf2 activation and relieved MDA accumulation, protein carbonylation, and GSH depletion to potentiate cell survival in the failing heart (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Parts of the redox amendments were mediated via lessened blood hematocrit and heme metabolism, and improved iron status and related gene regulations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, 25-OH-D3 ameliorates cardiac pathological remodeling and functional compromise to rescue the livability of obese hens through metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial bioenergetics, and by operating at antioxidant defense, and heme and iron metabolism, to maintain redox homeostasis and sustain cell viability.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1426hensvitamin Dheart failuremetabolic adaptionmitochondriaredox homeostasis
spellingShingle Shih-Kai Chiang
Mei-Ying Sin
Jun-Wen Lin
Maraddin Siregar
Gilmour Valdez
Yu-Hui Chen
Thau Kiong Chung
Rosemary L. Walzem
Lin-Chu Chang
Shuen-Ei Chen
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
Antioxidants
hens
vitamin D
heart failure
metabolic adaption
mitochondria
redox homeostasis
title 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
title_full 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
title_fullStr 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
title_full_unstemmed 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
title_short 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Cardiac Metabolic Adaption, Mitochondrial Biogenetics, and Redox Status to Ameliorate Pathological Remodeling and Functional Failure in Obese Chickens
title_sort 25 hydroxycholecalciferol improves cardiac metabolic adaption mitochondrial biogenetics and redox status to ameliorate pathological remodeling and functional failure in obese chickens
topic hens
vitamin D
heart failure
metabolic adaption
mitochondria
redox homeostasis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1426
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