RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy

RNA vaccines traditionally consist of messenger RNA synthesized by in vitro transcription using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase and template DNA that encodes the antigen(s) of interest. Once administered and internalized by host cells, the mRNA transcripts are translated directly in the cytoplasm and...

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Main Authors: Megan A. McNamara, Smita K. Nair, Eda K. Holl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-01-01
Series:Journal of Immunology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794528
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author Megan A. McNamara
Smita K. Nair
Eda K. Holl
author_facet Megan A. McNamara
Smita K. Nair
Eda K. Holl
author_sort Megan A. McNamara
collection DOAJ
description RNA vaccines traditionally consist of messenger RNA synthesized by in vitro transcription using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase and template DNA that encodes the antigen(s) of interest. Once administered and internalized by host cells, the mRNA transcripts are translated directly in the cytoplasm and then the resulting antigens are presented to antigen presenting cells to stimulate an immune response. Alternatively, dendritic cells can be loaded with either tumor associated antigen mRNA or total tumor RNA and delivered to the host to elicit a specific immune response. In this review, we will explain why RNA vaccines represent an attractive platform for cancer immunotherapy, discuss modifications to RNA structure that have been developed to optimize mRNA vaccine stability and translational efficiency, and describe strategies for nonviral delivery of mRNA vaccines, highlighting key preclinical and clinical data related to cancer immunotherapy.
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series Journal of Immunology Research
spelling doaj-art-0168bb7e67654a449b1533c792d4f2f12025-08-20T02:03:24ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562015-01-01201510.1155/2015/794528794528RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer ImmunotherapyMegan A. McNamara0Smita K. Nair1Eda K. Holl2Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USADepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USADepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USARNA vaccines traditionally consist of messenger RNA synthesized by in vitro transcription using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase and template DNA that encodes the antigen(s) of interest. Once administered and internalized by host cells, the mRNA transcripts are translated directly in the cytoplasm and then the resulting antigens are presented to antigen presenting cells to stimulate an immune response. Alternatively, dendritic cells can be loaded with either tumor associated antigen mRNA or total tumor RNA and delivered to the host to elicit a specific immune response. In this review, we will explain why RNA vaccines represent an attractive platform for cancer immunotherapy, discuss modifications to RNA structure that have been developed to optimize mRNA vaccine stability and translational efficiency, and describe strategies for nonviral delivery of mRNA vaccines, highlighting key preclinical and clinical data related to cancer immunotherapy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794528
spellingShingle Megan A. McNamara
Smita K. Nair
Eda K. Holl
RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
Journal of Immunology Research
title RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
title_fullStr RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
title_short RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy
title_sort rna based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794528
work_keys_str_mv AT meganamcnamara rnabasedvaccinesincancerimmunotherapy
AT smitaknair rnabasedvaccinesincancerimmunotherapy
AT edakholl rnabasedvaccinesincancerimmunotherapy