Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens

Abstract Chronic ophthalmic diseases are multivariate, time-varying, and degenerative. Smart contact lenses have emerged as a scalable platform for noninvasive ocular signal detection and disease diagnosis. However, real-time monitoring and decoupling of multiple ocular parameters, particularly when...

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Main Authors: Xingyi Gan, Guang Yao, Cunbo Li, Yufeng Mu, Maowen Xie, Chenzheng Zhou, Peisi Li, Qiwei Dong, Ke Chen, Kangning Zhao, Min Gao, Taisong Pan, Fang Lu, Dezhong Yao, Peng Xu, Yuan Lin
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Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:Microsystems & Nanoengineering
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00946-y
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author Xingyi Gan
Guang Yao
Cunbo Li
Yufeng Mu
Maowen Xie
Chenzheng Zhou
Peisi Li
Qiwei Dong
Ke Chen
Kangning Zhao
Min Gao
Taisong Pan
Fang Lu
Dezhong Yao
Peng Xu
Yuan Lin
author_facet Xingyi Gan
Guang Yao
Cunbo Li
Yufeng Mu
Maowen Xie
Chenzheng Zhou
Peisi Li
Qiwei Dong
Ke Chen
Kangning Zhao
Min Gao
Taisong Pan
Fang Lu
Dezhong Yao
Peng Xu
Yuan Lin
author_sort Xingyi Gan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chronic ophthalmic diseases are multivariate, time-varying, and degenerative. Smart contact lenses have emerged as a scalable platform for noninvasive ocular signal detection and disease diagnosis. However, real-time monitoring and decoupling of multiple ocular parameters, particularly when the eyes are closed, remain challenging in clinical medicine. In this work, we propose a stretchable bimodal contact lens (BCL) amalgamating self-decoupled electromagnetic capacitive intraocular pressure (CIOP) and magnetic eye movement (MEM) monitoring components. The sandwich-integrated BCL can be intimately attached to the eyeball, enabling closed-eye, wireless, and precise signal acquisition without interference. During the eye open and closed, the serpentine-geometry CIOP unit was validated on a rabbit model, achieving supered resolution (1 mmHg) and sensitivity (≥0.22 MHz mmHg−1) for reversible hypo- to hyper-IOP fluctuations. Ex vivo and in vivo MEM monitoring, based on composition-optimized magnetic interlayer film, demonstrated exceptional accuracy (≥97.25%) with eyes open and closed, surpassing existing methods. The collected CIOP and MEM data could be wirelessly aggregated and transmitted to portable devices via integrated acquisition modules within frame glasses for real-time eye healthcare. Emerging noninvasive and bimodal modalities reconcile the trade-off between minimal discomfort, eye status, and reliable measurement, spurring the widespread adoption of the integrated monitoring system for continuous ocular health monitoring.
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spelling doaj-art-0165e47c566b4082b53172dda3a4c2932025-08-20T03:10:31ZengNature Publishing GroupMicrosystems & Nanoengineering2055-74342025-05-0111111210.1038/s41378-025-00946-yClosed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lensXingyi Gan0Guang Yao1Cunbo Li2Yufeng Mu3Maowen Xie4Chenzheng Zhou5Peisi Li6Qiwei Dong7Ke Chen8Kangning Zhao9Min Gao10Taisong Pan11Fang Lu12Dezhong Yao13Peng Xu14Yuan Lin15School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of TechnologySchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaMedico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaClinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Chronic ophthalmic diseases are multivariate, time-varying, and degenerative. Smart contact lenses have emerged as a scalable platform for noninvasive ocular signal detection and disease diagnosis. However, real-time monitoring and decoupling of multiple ocular parameters, particularly when the eyes are closed, remain challenging in clinical medicine. In this work, we propose a stretchable bimodal contact lens (BCL) amalgamating self-decoupled electromagnetic capacitive intraocular pressure (CIOP) and magnetic eye movement (MEM) monitoring components. The sandwich-integrated BCL can be intimately attached to the eyeball, enabling closed-eye, wireless, and precise signal acquisition without interference. During the eye open and closed, the serpentine-geometry CIOP unit was validated on a rabbit model, achieving supered resolution (1 mmHg) and sensitivity (≥0.22 MHz mmHg−1) for reversible hypo- to hyper-IOP fluctuations. Ex vivo and in vivo MEM monitoring, based on composition-optimized magnetic interlayer film, demonstrated exceptional accuracy (≥97.25%) with eyes open and closed, surpassing existing methods. The collected CIOP and MEM data could be wirelessly aggregated and transmitted to portable devices via integrated acquisition modules within frame glasses for real-time eye healthcare. Emerging noninvasive and bimodal modalities reconcile the trade-off between minimal discomfort, eye status, and reliable measurement, spurring the widespread adoption of the integrated monitoring system for continuous ocular health monitoring.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00946-yBimodal contact lensSelf-decoupledIntraocular pressureEye movementClosed-eye monitoring
spellingShingle Xingyi Gan
Guang Yao
Cunbo Li
Yufeng Mu
Maowen Xie
Chenzheng Zhou
Peisi Li
Qiwei Dong
Ke Chen
Kangning Zhao
Min Gao
Taisong Pan
Fang Lu
Dezhong Yao
Peng Xu
Yuan Lin
Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Bimodal contact lens
Self-decoupled
Intraocular pressure
Eye movement
Closed-eye monitoring
title Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
title_full Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
title_fullStr Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
title_full_unstemmed Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
title_short Closed-eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
title_sort closed eye intraocular pressure and eye movement monitoring via a stretchable bimodal contact lens
topic Bimodal contact lens
Self-decoupled
Intraocular pressure
Eye movement
Closed-eye monitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00946-y
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