Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial

Introduction Caregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their psychosocial well-being. Virtual-reality (VR)-guided mindfulness interventions have shown promise in reducing stress, anxiety and depre...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Ravi Shankar, Wei Zhen Hong, Anjali Bundele, Koh Pei Si
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-10-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/10/e090550.full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850065336191156224
author Amartya Mukhopadhyay
Ravi Shankar
Wei Zhen Hong
Anjali Bundele
Koh Pei Si
author_facet Amartya Mukhopadhyay
Ravi Shankar
Wei Zhen Hong
Anjali Bundele
Koh Pei Si
author_sort Amartya Mukhopadhyay
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Caregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their psychosocial well-being. Virtual-reality (VR)-guided mindfulness interventions have shown promise in reducing stress, anxiety and depression in various populations.Methods and analysis This pilot study aims to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a VR-guided mindfulness intervention for ESKD caregivers. A single-centre, single-blind, parallel-group pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Thirty ESKD caregivers will be randomly allocated to either the VR-guided mindfulness intervention group or the sham VR control group. The intervention group will receive a 6 week home-based VR-guided mindfulness programme, while the control group will view relaxing nature videos without mindfulness content. Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks) using validated questionnaires for caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)), stress, anxiety, depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)) and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)). Feasibility outcomes include accrual rates, retention, adherence, questionnaire completion and side effect rates. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experiences with the intervention.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board (Reference: 2024–3940-APP1). The results of this pilot study will be reported in peer-reviewed open-access journals and shared with participants and stakeholders.Trial registration NCT06479200.
format Article
id doaj-art-015ec573a2ae45e7944b63e7763be402
institution DOAJ
issn 2044-6055
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format Article
series BMJ Open
spelling doaj-art-015ec573a2ae45e7944b63e7763be4022025-08-20T02:49:02ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-10-01141010.1136/bmjopen-2024-090550Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trialAmartya Mukhopadhyay0Ravi Shankar1Wei Zhen Hong2Anjali Bundele3Koh Pei Si4Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, SingaporeMedical Affairs – Research, Innovation & Enterprise, Alexandra Hospital, SingaporeFast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, SingaporeMedical Affairs – Research, Innovation & Enterprise, Alexandra Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Nursing, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, SingaporeIntroduction Caregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their psychosocial well-being. Virtual-reality (VR)-guided mindfulness interventions have shown promise in reducing stress, anxiety and depression in various populations.Methods and analysis This pilot study aims to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a VR-guided mindfulness intervention for ESKD caregivers. A single-centre, single-blind, parallel-group pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Thirty ESKD caregivers will be randomly allocated to either the VR-guided mindfulness intervention group or the sham VR control group. The intervention group will receive a 6 week home-based VR-guided mindfulness programme, while the control group will view relaxing nature videos without mindfulness content. Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks) using validated questionnaires for caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)), stress, anxiety, depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)) and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)). Feasibility outcomes include accrual rates, retention, adherence, questionnaire completion and side effect rates. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experiences with the intervention.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board (Reference: 2024–3940-APP1). The results of this pilot study will be reported in peer-reviewed open-access journals and shared with participants and stakeholders.Trial registration NCT06479200.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/10/e090550.full
spellingShingle Amartya Mukhopadhyay
Ravi Shankar
Wei Zhen Hong
Anjali Bundele
Koh Pei Si
Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
BMJ Open
title Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
title_full Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
title_fullStr Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
title_short Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
title_sort virtual reality guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well being in caregivers of end stage kidney disease patients protocol for a mixed methods pilot randomised controlled trial
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/10/e090550.full
work_keys_str_mv AT amartyamukhopadhyay virtualrealityguidedmindfulnessinterventiontoenhancepsychosocialwellbeingincaregiversofendstagekidneydiseasepatientsprotocolforamixedmethodspilotrandomisedcontrolledtrial
AT ravishankar virtualrealityguidedmindfulnessinterventiontoenhancepsychosocialwellbeingincaregiversofendstagekidneydiseasepatientsprotocolforamixedmethodspilotrandomisedcontrolledtrial
AT weizhenhong virtualrealityguidedmindfulnessinterventiontoenhancepsychosocialwellbeingincaregiversofendstagekidneydiseasepatientsprotocolforamixedmethodspilotrandomisedcontrolledtrial
AT anjalibundele virtualrealityguidedmindfulnessinterventiontoenhancepsychosocialwellbeingincaregiversofendstagekidneydiseasepatientsprotocolforamixedmethodspilotrandomisedcontrolledtrial
AT kohpeisi virtualrealityguidedmindfulnessinterventiontoenhancepsychosocialwellbeingincaregiversofendstagekidneydiseasepatientsprotocolforamixedmethodspilotrandomisedcontrolledtrial