Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

On 6 February 2023, two very large destructive earthquakes occurred in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), one of Türkiye’s primary tectonic members. The fact that these earthquakes occurred on the same day and in the same region increased the extent of the destruction. Within the scope of this st...

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Main Authors: Ercan Işık, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Fatih Avcil, Aydın Büyüksaraç, Enes Arkan, Hamdi Alkan, Ehsan Harirchian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Infrastructures
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/12/219
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author Ercan Işık
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko
Fatih Avcil
Aydın Büyüksaraç
Enes Arkan
Hamdi Alkan
Ehsan Harirchian
author_facet Ercan Işık
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko
Fatih Avcil
Aydın Büyüksaraç
Enes Arkan
Hamdi Alkan
Ehsan Harirchian
author_sort Ercan Işık
collection DOAJ
description On 6 February 2023, two very large destructive earthquakes occurred in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), one of Türkiye’s primary tectonic members. The fact that these earthquakes occurred on the same day and in the same region increased the extent of the destruction. Within the scope of this study, twenty different settlements affected by earthquakes and located directly on the EAFZ were taken into consideration. Significant destruction and structural failure at different levels were induced in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the dominant urban building stock in these regions. To determine whether the earthquake hazard is adequately represented, the PGA values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps used in Türkiye for these settlements were compared with the measured PGAs from actual earthquakes. Subsequently, the damage to reinforced concrete structures in these settlements was evaluated within the scope of construction and earthquake engineering. In the final part of the study, static pushover analyses were performed on a selected example of a reinforced concrete building model, and target displacement values for different performance levels were determined separately for each earthquake. For the 20 different settlements considered, the displacements were also derived based on the values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps, and comparisons were made. While the target displacements were exceeded in some settlements, there was no exceedance in the other settlements. The realistic presentation of earthquake hazards will enable the mentioned displacements predicted for different performance levels of structures to be determined in a much more realistic manner. As a result, the performance grades predicted for the structures will be estimated more accurately.
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spelling doaj-art-0154e8af71584aeebf30dc8e02147f4e2025-08-20T02:53:26ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112024-12-0191221910.3390/infrastructures9120219Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş EarthquakesErcan Işık0Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko1Fatih Avcil2Aydın Büyüksaraç3Enes Arkan4Hamdi Alkan5Ehsan Harirchian6Department of Civil Engineering, Bitlis Eren University, 13100 Bitlis, TürkiyeDepartment of Civil Engineering, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 3, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bitlis Eren University, 13100 Bitlis, TürkiyeVocational School, Çanakkale 18 Mart University, 17400 Çanakkale, TürkiyeDepartment of Architecture, Bitlis Eren University, 13100 Bitlis, TürkiyeDepartment of Geophsics, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, TürkiyeInstitute of Structural Mechanics (ISM), Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 99423 Weimar, GermanyOn 6 February 2023, two very large destructive earthquakes occurred in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), one of Türkiye’s primary tectonic members. The fact that these earthquakes occurred on the same day and in the same region increased the extent of the destruction. Within the scope of this study, twenty different settlements affected by earthquakes and located directly on the EAFZ were taken into consideration. Significant destruction and structural failure at different levels were induced in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the dominant urban building stock in these regions. To determine whether the earthquake hazard is adequately represented, the PGA values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps used in Türkiye for these settlements were compared with the measured PGAs from actual earthquakes. Subsequently, the damage to reinforced concrete structures in these settlements was evaluated within the scope of construction and earthquake engineering. In the final part of the study, static pushover analyses were performed on a selected example of a reinforced concrete building model, and target displacement values for different performance levels were determined separately for each earthquake. For the 20 different settlements considered, the displacements were also derived based on the values predicted in the last two earthquake hazard maps, and comparisons were made. While the target displacements were exceeded in some settlements, there was no exceedance in the other settlements. The realistic presentation of earthquake hazards will enable the mentioned displacements predicted for different performance levels of structures to be determined in a much more realistic manner. As a result, the performance grades predicted for the structures will be estimated more accurately.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/12/219Kahramanmaraşearthquake couplereinforced concretePGAtarget displacements
spellingShingle Ercan Işık
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko
Fatih Avcil
Aydın Büyüksaraç
Enes Arkan
Hamdi Alkan
Ehsan Harirchian
Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
Infrastructures
Kahramanmaraş
earthquake couple
reinforced concrete
PGA
target displacements
title Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
title_full Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
title_fullStr Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
title_short Comparison of Seismic and Structural Parameters of Settlements in the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Light of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
title_sort comparison of seismic and structural parameters of settlements in the east anatolian fault zone in light of the 6 february kahramanmaras earthquakes
topic Kahramanmaraş
earthquake couple
reinforced concrete
PGA
target displacements
url https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/12/219
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