Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays
We investigate the robustness of single-mode (SM) emission in high-power, large-area rectangular vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), emphasizing the impact of self-heating effects. Compared to circular geometries, large-area rectangular VCSELs provide improved heat dissipation thanks t...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11074750/ |
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| author | V. Torrelli M. C. G. Alasio M. D'Alessandro A. Gullino L. Miri J. Lindner S. Gronenborn M. Goano P. Debernardi |
| author_facet | V. Torrelli M. C. G. Alasio M. D'Alessandro A. Gullino L. Miri J. Lindner S. Gronenborn M. Goano P. Debernardi |
| author_sort | V. Torrelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate the robustness of single-mode (SM) emission in high-power, large-area rectangular vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), emphasizing the impact of self-heating effects. Compared to circular geometries, large-area rectangular VCSELs provide improved heat dissipation thanks to their high geometrical aspect ratio, and higher SM output power by means of their patterned reflectivity obtainable by an array of grating reliefs. Self-heating alters the refractive index of the device. We demonstrate, experimentally and numerically, how the related thermal lensing affects the transverse modes. By misaligning the antinodes of the promoted lasing mode and the surface reliefs, self-heating degrades SM operation if not properly accounted for in the relief position design. Combining thermal and optical models, we propose numerically optimized grating relief geometries ensuring robust SM emission across varying operating temperatures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-013453a4eae0464188f548e106ce7e8f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-013453a4eae0464188f548e106ce7e8f2025-08-20T02:47:03ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552025-01-011741710.1109/JPHOT.2025.358746411074750Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL ArraysV. Torrelli0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4738-5554M. C. G. Alasio1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-2769M. D'Alessandro2https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4113-1333A. Gullino3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-0328L. Miri4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1225-3839J. Lindner5https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0706-3699S. Gronenborn6M. Goano7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-1549P. Debernardi8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-3170Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyIstituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyTRUMPF Photonic Components GmbH, Aachen, GermanyTRUMPF Photonic Components GmbH, Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyIstituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, ItalyWe investigate the robustness of single-mode (SM) emission in high-power, large-area rectangular vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), emphasizing the impact of self-heating effects. Compared to circular geometries, large-area rectangular VCSELs provide improved heat dissipation thanks to their high geometrical aspect ratio, and higher SM output power by means of their patterned reflectivity obtainable by an array of grating reliefs. Self-heating alters the refractive index of the device. We demonstrate, experimentally and numerically, how the related thermal lensing affects the transverse modes. By misaligning the antinodes of the promoted lasing mode and the surface reliefs, self-heating degrades SM operation if not properly accounted for in the relief position design. Combining thermal and optical models, we propose numerically optimized grating relief geometries ensuring robust SM emission across varying operating temperatures.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11074750/VCSELsingle-mode (SM) emissionthermal lensingself-heatingoptical modesgrating relief |
| spellingShingle | V. Torrelli M. C. G. Alasio M. D'Alessandro A. Gullino L. Miri J. Lindner S. Gronenborn M. Goano P. Debernardi Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays IEEE Photonics Journal VCSEL single-mode (SM) emission thermal lensing self-heating optical modes grating relief |
| title | Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays |
| title_full | Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays |
| title_short | Modeling Self-Heating in High-Power Single-Mode Phase-Coupled Linear VCSEL Arrays |
| title_sort | modeling self heating in high power single mode phase coupled linear vcsel arrays |
| topic | VCSEL single-mode (SM) emission thermal lensing self-heating optical modes grating relief |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11074750/ |
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