Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control

Hemorrhage remains the major cause of death in combat and civilian trauma, although significant advances in hemostatic agents and blood products have enhanced damage control resuscitation and reduced mortality. Currently, few hemostats are available for cessation of non-compressible torso hemorrhag...

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Main Authors: Henry T Peng, Musaab Siddiqui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ELS Publishing (ELSP) 2023-07-01
Series:Biofunctional Materials
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Online Access:https://elsp-homepage.oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.compaper/journal/open/BM/2023/bm20230004.pdf
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author Henry T Peng
Musaab Siddiqui
author_facet Henry T Peng
Musaab Siddiqui
author_sort Henry T Peng
collection DOAJ
description Hemorrhage remains the major cause of death in combat and civilian trauma, although significant advances in hemostatic agents and blood products have enhanced damage control resuscitation and reduced mortality. Currently, few hemostats are available for cessation of non-compressible torso hemorrhage, e.g., intra-abdominal hemorrhage. To address this hard-to-solve problem, self-propelling hemostatic particles composed of coagulation factors e.g., fibrinogen, thrombin, CaCO3 and protonated tranexamic acid (TXA+) that can move against blood flow and promote clot formation have been developed. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of CaCO3-encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles. The particles were prepared by interfacial reaction method using water-oil-water emulsion under different conditions that varied in the concentrations of the coagulation factor and ammonium carbonate solutions, amounts of surfactants, mixing speed, volume ratio between water and oil phases. The resulting CaCO3 encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles were characterized via light microscopy for morphology, gel electrophoresis for presence of fibrinogen and thrombin, rotational thromboelastometry for hemostatic effects and reaction with TXA+ for self-propulsion test. It was found that CaCO3 particles had spherical structure with less than 10 µm in diameter, could encapsulate fibrinogen and thrombin, enhance blood coagulation, and generate bubbles for propulsion by reacting with TXA+. Moreover, when particles were combined with TXA+, a synergistic hemostatic effect was obtained. These hemostatic and self-propelling properties could be optimized via changes to preparation method and composition. Further studies in animal bleeding models are warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-011b6a6595ec4e36a0c3c56ff5294afe2025-08-20T04:03:22ZengELS Publishing (ELSP)Biofunctional Materials2959-05742959-05822023-07-011110.55092/bm202300041608395556888915968Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage controlHenry T Peng0Musaab Siddiqui1Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, CanadaDepartment of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CanadaHemorrhage remains the major cause of death in combat and civilian trauma, although significant advances in hemostatic agents and blood products have enhanced damage control resuscitation and reduced mortality. Currently, few hemostats are available for cessation of non-compressible torso hemorrhage, e.g., intra-abdominal hemorrhage. To address this hard-to-solve problem, self-propelling hemostatic particles composed of coagulation factors e.g., fibrinogen, thrombin, CaCO3 and protonated tranexamic acid (TXA+) that can move against blood flow and promote clot formation have been developed. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of CaCO3-encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles. The particles were prepared by interfacial reaction method using water-oil-water emulsion under different conditions that varied in the concentrations of the coagulation factor and ammonium carbonate solutions, amounts of surfactants, mixing speed, volume ratio between water and oil phases. The resulting CaCO3 encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles were characterized via light microscopy for morphology, gel electrophoresis for presence of fibrinogen and thrombin, rotational thromboelastometry for hemostatic effects and reaction with TXA+ for self-propulsion test. It was found that CaCO3 particles had spherical structure with less than 10 µm in diameter, could encapsulate fibrinogen and thrombin, enhance blood coagulation, and generate bubbles for propulsion by reacting with TXA+. Moreover, when particles were combined with TXA+, a synergistic hemostatic effect was obtained. These hemostatic and self-propelling properties could be optimized via changes to preparation method and composition. Further studies in animal bleeding models are warranted.https://elsp-homepage.oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.compaper/journal/open/BM/2023/bm20230004.pdfcalciumcarbonatehemorrhage controlhemostatic particlefibrinogenself-propulsionthrombintranexamicacidtrauma
spellingShingle Henry T Peng
Musaab Siddiqui
Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
Biofunctional Materials
calciumcarbonate
hemorrhage control
hemostatic particle
fibrinogen
self-propulsion
thrombin
tranexamicacid
trauma
title Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
title_full Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
title_fullStr Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
title_full_unstemmed Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
title_short Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
title_sort encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control
topic calciumcarbonate
hemorrhage control
hemostatic particle
fibrinogen
self-propulsion
thrombin
tranexamicacid
trauma
url https://elsp-homepage.oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.compaper/journal/open/BM/2023/bm20230004.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT henrytpeng encapsulationoffibrinogenandthrombinwithcalciumcarbonateforhemorrhagecontrol
AT musaabsiddiqui encapsulationoffibrinogenandthrombinwithcalciumcarbonateforhemorrhagecontrol