Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

This review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural sou...

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Main Authors: Haider M. Zwain, Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Irvan Dahlan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:International Journal of Chemical Engineering
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/347912
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author Haider M. Zwain
Mohammadtaghi Vakili
Irvan Dahlan
author_facet Haider M. Zwain
Mohammadtaghi Vakili
Irvan Dahlan
author_sort Haider M. Zwain
collection DOAJ
description This review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural source adsorbents (clay, bentonite, zeolite, etc.), biosorbents (black gram husk, sugar-beet pectin gels, citrus peels, banana and orange peels, carrot residues, cassava waste, algae, algal, marine green macroalgae, etc.), and byproduct adsorbents (sawdust, lignin, rice husk, rice husk ash, coal fly ash, etc.). From the literature survey, different adsorbents were compared in terms of Zn2+ adsorption capacity; also Zn2+ adsorption capacity was compared with other metals adsorption. Thus, some of the highest adsorption capacities reported for Zn2+ are 168 mg/g powdered waste sludge, 128.8 mg/g dried marine green macroalgae, 73.2 mg/g lignin, 55.82 mg/g cassava waste, and 52.91 mg/g bentonite. Furthermore, modification of adsorbents can improve adsorption capacity. Regeneration cost is important, but if consumption of virgin adsorbent is reduced, then multiple economic, industrial, and environmental benefits can be gained. Finally, the main drawback of the already published Zn2+ adsorption researches is that their use is still in the laboratory stage mostly without scale-up, pilot studies, or commercialization.
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issn 1687-806X
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language English
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series International Journal of Chemical Engineering
spelling doaj-art-01034fac21a64dadbc42e69f0480bcf52025-08-20T02:03:13ZengWileyInternational Journal of Chemical Engineering1687-806X1687-80782014-01-01201410.1155/2014/347912347912Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive ReviewHaider M. Zwain0Mohammadtaghi Vakili1Irvan Dahlan2School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaThis review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural source adsorbents (clay, bentonite, zeolite, etc.), biosorbents (black gram husk, sugar-beet pectin gels, citrus peels, banana and orange peels, carrot residues, cassava waste, algae, algal, marine green macroalgae, etc.), and byproduct adsorbents (sawdust, lignin, rice husk, rice husk ash, coal fly ash, etc.). From the literature survey, different adsorbents were compared in terms of Zn2+ adsorption capacity; also Zn2+ adsorption capacity was compared with other metals adsorption. Thus, some of the highest adsorption capacities reported for Zn2+ are 168 mg/g powdered waste sludge, 128.8 mg/g dried marine green macroalgae, 73.2 mg/g lignin, 55.82 mg/g cassava waste, and 52.91 mg/g bentonite. Furthermore, modification of adsorbents can improve adsorption capacity. Regeneration cost is important, but if consumption of virgin adsorbent is reduced, then multiple economic, industrial, and environmental benefits can be gained. Finally, the main drawback of the already published Zn2+ adsorption researches is that their use is still in the laboratory stage mostly without scale-up, pilot studies, or commercialization.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/347912
spellingShingle Haider M. Zwain
Mohammadtaghi Vakili
Irvan Dahlan
Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
International Journal of Chemical Engineering
title Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort waste material adsorbents for zinc removal from wastewater a comprehensive review
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/347912
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AT mohammadtaghivakili wastematerialadsorbentsforzincremovalfromwastewateracomprehensivereview
AT irvandahlan wastematerialadsorbentsforzincremovalfromwastewateracomprehensivereview