Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis
The development of new antibacterial agents is proposed to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacterial strains caused by antibiotic misuse. The aim of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity by modifying graphene oxide (GO) using ZnO/eugenol and analyzing the interaction computational...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/97866 |
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| author | Karisma Triatmaja Eko Sri Kunarti Suyanta Suyanta Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko |
| author_facet | Karisma Triatmaja Eko Sri Kunarti Suyanta Suyanta Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko |
| author_sort | Karisma Triatmaja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of new antibacterial agents is proposed to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacterial strains caused by antibiotic misuse. The aim of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity by modifying graphene oxide (GO) using ZnO/eugenol and analyzing the interaction computationally. The study was started with GO synthesis using the modified Hummer method, followed by the dispersion of ZnO/eugenol through the mechanochemical method to GO to form GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, and TEM. Results showed that the sonochemical method successfully prepared the GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. This material has better antibacterial E. coli activity than GO, with an inhibition zone of 11.5 mm in diameter, while pure GO showed no inhibition zone. MIC test presented that GO/ZnO/eugenol composite with 25 mg/mL suspension effectively prevented bacterial colony growth, while GO could only inhibit with 50 mg/mL suspension. Additionally, computational analysis through molecular docking suggested that the GO/ZnO/eugenol mechanism of action involves interference with DNA replication by hydrogenously interacting with the active site of DNA gyrase of E. coli bacteria. These findings highlight the potential of GO/ZnO/eugenol as a promising antibacterial agent for combating drug-resistant bacterial strains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0102a7830d5547e5be74d61606a48e31 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1411-9420 2460-1578 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-0102a7830d5547e5be74d61606a48e312025-08-20T02:15:54ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-03-0125235937010.22146/ijc.9786637043Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational AnalysisKarisma Triatmaja0Eko Sri Kunarti1Suyanta Suyanta2Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaChemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Jl. Laksda Adisucipto, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaThe development of new antibacterial agents is proposed to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacterial strains caused by antibiotic misuse. The aim of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity by modifying graphene oxide (GO) using ZnO/eugenol and analyzing the interaction computationally. The study was started with GO synthesis using the modified Hummer method, followed by the dispersion of ZnO/eugenol through the mechanochemical method to GO to form GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, and TEM. Results showed that the sonochemical method successfully prepared the GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. This material has better antibacterial E. coli activity than GO, with an inhibition zone of 11.5 mm in diameter, while pure GO showed no inhibition zone. MIC test presented that GO/ZnO/eugenol composite with 25 mg/mL suspension effectively prevented bacterial colony growth, while GO could only inhibit with 50 mg/mL suspension. Additionally, computational analysis through molecular docking suggested that the GO/ZnO/eugenol mechanism of action involves interference with DNA replication by hydrogenously interacting with the active site of DNA gyrase of E. coli bacteria. These findings highlight the potential of GO/ZnO/eugenol as a promising antibacterial agent for combating drug-resistant bacterial strains.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/97866antibacterialdna gyrasee. coligo/zno/eugenolmolecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Karisma Triatmaja Eko Sri Kunarti Suyanta Suyanta Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis Indonesian Journal of Chemistry antibacterial dna gyrase e. coli go/zno/eugenol molecular docking |
| title | Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis |
| title_full | Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis |
| title_short | Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis |
| title_sort | development of graphene oxide based antibacterial agents via zno eugenol modification experimental and computational analysis |
| topic | antibacterial dna gyrase e. coli go/zno/eugenol molecular docking |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/97866 |
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