The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses
Morphological differences can provide insights into species' ecological adaptations and evolutionary processes. This study focuses on examining the effects of sex and species dimorphism on foot morphology in two different partridge species, the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and the Gray P...
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Atatürk University
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences and Practices |
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| Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4479813 |
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| author | Mustafa Sedat Arslan Hacer Baş Ekici |
| author_facet | Mustafa Sedat Arslan Hacer Baş Ekici |
| author_sort | Mustafa Sedat Arslan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Morphological differences can provide insights into species' ecological adaptations and evolutionary processes. This study focuses on examining the effects of sex and species dimorphism on foot morphology in two different partridge species, the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and the Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix). A total of 68-foot samples, including both right and left foot, were analyzed from 34 partridges collected in Sivas province. The analysis revealed that, regardless of sex, the first toe of Chukar Partridges was longer than that of Gray Partridges. When comparing species, the angle between the toes of female Chukar Partridges was wider than that of female Gray Partridges, while the angle between the toes of male Gray Partridges was wider than that of male Chukar Partridges. In terms of sex differences, the angle between the toes of male Gray Partridges was wider than that of female Gray Partridges, while the angle between the toes of female Chukar Partridges was wider than that of male Chukar Partridges. The contribution of directional asymmetry to variation was found to be lower than that of fluctuating asymmetry in both shape and size, suggesting that the asymmetry may result from developmental differences rather than lateral bias. Overall, the width of the toe angle was linked to habitat preferences and ecological adaptations. These findings suggest that the foot morphology of partridges may be shaped by factors such as sex, species, and habitat, and that these adaptations may help birds cope with environmental challenges. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-00f37a44910947ce84e04500e2db633f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2822-3608 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Atatürk University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences and Practices |
| spelling | doaj-art-00f37a44910947ce84e04500e2db633f2025-08-20T01:47:40ZengAtatürk UniversityVeterinary Sciences and Practices2822-36082025-04-01201333910.17094/vetsci.161022355The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric AnalysesMustafa Sedat Arslan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-500XHacer Baş Ekici1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-1830SELCUK UNIVERSITYSELCUK UNIVERSITYMorphological differences can provide insights into species' ecological adaptations and evolutionary processes. This study focuses on examining the effects of sex and species dimorphism on foot morphology in two different partridge species, the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and the Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix). A total of 68-foot samples, including both right and left foot, were analyzed from 34 partridges collected in Sivas province. The analysis revealed that, regardless of sex, the first toe of Chukar Partridges was longer than that of Gray Partridges. When comparing species, the angle between the toes of female Chukar Partridges was wider than that of female Gray Partridges, while the angle between the toes of male Gray Partridges was wider than that of male Chukar Partridges. In terms of sex differences, the angle between the toes of male Gray Partridges was wider than that of female Gray Partridges, while the angle between the toes of female Chukar Partridges was wider than that of male Chukar Partridges. The contribution of directional asymmetry to variation was found to be lower than that of fluctuating asymmetry in both shape and size, suggesting that the asymmetry may result from developmental differences rather than lateral bias. Overall, the width of the toe angle was linked to habitat preferences and ecological adaptations. These findings suggest that the foot morphology of partridges may be shaped by factors such as sex, species, and habitat, and that these adaptations may help birds cope with environmental challenges.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4479813kınalı keklikçil keklikgeometrik morfometrimorfolojisimetri analizichukar partridgegray partridgegeometric morphometrymorphologysymmetri analysis |
| spellingShingle | Mustafa Sedat Arslan Hacer Baş Ekici The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses Veterinary Sciences and Practices kınalı keklik çil keklik geometrik morfometri morfoloji simetri analizi chukar partridge gray partridge geometric morphometry morphology symmetri analysis |
| title | The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses |
| title_full | The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses |
| title_fullStr | The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses |
| title_short | The Investigation of Sexual and Species Dimorphism in the Foot of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) and Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Using Geometric Morphometric and Symmetric Analyses |
| title_sort | investigation of sexual and species dimorphism in the foot of chukar partridge alectoris chukar and gray partridge perdix perdix using geometric morphometric and symmetric analyses |
| topic | kınalı keklik çil keklik geometrik morfometri morfoloji simetri analizi chukar partridge gray partridge geometric morphometry morphology symmetri analysis |
| url | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4479813 |
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