Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming

Abstract Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) neuromodulation requires precise targeting and high resolution enabled by phased array transducers and beamforming. However, focusing optimization usually relies on phantom measurements or simulations with inaccurate acoustic properties to degrade neu...

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Main Authors: Boqiang Fan, Wayne Goodman, Sameer A. Sheth, Richard R. Bouchard, Behnaam Aazhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95396-x
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author Boqiang Fan
Wayne Goodman
Sameer A. Sheth
Richard R. Bouchard
Behnaam Aazhang
author_facet Boqiang Fan
Wayne Goodman
Sameer A. Sheth
Richard R. Bouchard
Behnaam Aazhang
author_sort Boqiang Fan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) neuromodulation requires precise targeting and high resolution enabled by phased array transducers and beamforming. However, focusing optimization usually relies on phantom measurements or simulations with inaccurate acoustic properties to degrade neuromodulation resolution. Therefore, this work analyzes the sensitivity of neuromodulation resolution, measured by off-target activation area (OTAA), to brain tissue sound speed. A Robust Optimal Resolution (ROR) beamforming method is proposed to minimize the worst-case OTAA with restricted sound speed inaccuracy and propagation information estimated with deviated sound speed. The propagation estimation model utilizes equivalent source method (ESM) to map sound field between different acoustic parameter sets. Simulation in a human head model validates the effectiveness of the proposed propagation estimation model, and shows that ROR beamforming method can significantly reduce the worst-case OTAA compared to benchmark methods by $$78.0 \%$$ on average and up to $$90.0 \%$$ , improving the robustness of stimulation and addressing the sensitivity issue. This allows reliable high-resolution neuromodulation in potential clinical applications with reduced invasive acquisition of propagation measurements for focusing optimization.
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spelling doaj-art-00efd84bb76c4e10b154c4f492f9ccdd2025-08-20T01:54:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-95396-xComputational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamformingBoqiang Fan0Wayne Goodman1Sameer A. Sheth2Richard R. Bouchard3Behnaam Aazhang4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityDepartment of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice UniversityAbstract Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) neuromodulation requires precise targeting and high resolution enabled by phased array transducers and beamforming. However, focusing optimization usually relies on phantom measurements or simulations with inaccurate acoustic properties to degrade neuromodulation resolution. Therefore, this work analyzes the sensitivity of neuromodulation resolution, measured by off-target activation area (OTAA), to brain tissue sound speed. A Robust Optimal Resolution (ROR) beamforming method is proposed to minimize the worst-case OTAA with restricted sound speed inaccuracy and propagation information estimated with deviated sound speed. The propagation estimation model utilizes equivalent source method (ESM) to map sound field between different acoustic parameter sets. Simulation in a human head model validates the effectiveness of the proposed propagation estimation model, and shows that ROR beamforming method can significantly reduce the worst-case OTAA compared to benchmark methods by $$78.0 \%$$ on average and up to $$90.0 \%$$ , improving the robustness of stimulation and addressing the sensitivity issue. This allows reliable high-resolution neuromodulation in potential clinical applications with reduced invasive acquisition of propagation measurements for focusing optimization.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95396-x
spellingShingle Boqiang Fan
Wayne Goodman
Sameer A. Sheth
Richard R. Bouchard
Behnaam Aazhang
Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
Scientific Reports
title Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
title_full Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
title_fullStr Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
title_full_unstemmed Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
title_short Computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
title_sort computational sensitivity evaluation of ultrasound neuromodulation resolution to brain tissue sound speed with robust beamforming
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95396-x
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