HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures

Metallographic evaluation of nodular cast iron is crucial for quality control in the foundry industry. Traditionally, this process relies on experts who visually interpret microscopic images. This study introduces HawkEye, a comprehensive software solution that automates metallographic analysis usin...

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Main Authors: Javier Nieves, Antonio Serena-Barriuso, Guillermo Elejoste-Rementeria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6991
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author Javier Nieves
Antonio Serena-Barriuso
Guillermo Elejoste-Rementeria
author_facet Javier Nieves
Antonio Serena-Barriuso
Guillermo Elejoste-Rementeria
author_sort Javier Nieves
collection DOAJ
description Metallographic evaluation of nodular cast iron is crucial for quality control in the foundry industry. Traditionally, this process relies on experts who visually interpret microscopic images. This study introduces HawkEye, a comprehensive software solution that automates metallographic analysis using advanced computer vision and deep learning models. Specifically, HawkEye software dynamically adapts its processing workflow based on the input image and its typological classification. The software supports both etched and non-etched specimens and automates the segmentation and classification of graphite nodules, gathering their morphological descriptors; it identifies microstructural phases and provides a global quality assessment. All these functions are embedded into a user-friendly interface designed for both laboratory and industrial use. Nevertheless, the key contribution of this work is the replacement of subjective evaluation with a reproducible, AI-driven approach, which significantly enhances the objectivity, traceability, and scalability of metallurgical analysis. In fact, the proposed approach achieves 99% accuracy in nodule classification compared to manual expert assessment, reduces manual image processing steps, and introduces a novel method for ferrite/perlite measurement in combination with carbide detection using YOLO and SAM models.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-00ded89356a34b998bd576de7dbbfb9c2025-08-20T03:28:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513699110.3390/app15136991HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron MicrostructuresJavier Nieves0Antonio Serena-Barriuso1Guillermo Elejoste-Rementeria2Azterlan Member of Basque Research Team Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Etxetaldea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainAzterlan Member of Basque Research Team Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Etxetaldea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainAzterlan Member of Basque Research Team Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Etxetaldea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainMetallographic evaluation of nodular cast iron is crucial for quality control in the foundry industry. Traditionally, this process relies on experts who visually interpret microscopic images. This study introduces HawkEye, a comprehensive software solution that automates metallographic analysis using advanced computer vision and deep learning models. Specifically, HawkEye software dynamically adapts its processing workflow based on the input image and its typological classification. The software supports both etched and non-etched specimens and automates the segmentation and classification of graphite nodules, gathering their morphological descriptors; it identifies microstructural phases and provides a global quality assessment. All these functions are embedded into a user-friendly interface designed for both laboratory and industrial use. Nevertheless, the key contribution of this work is the replacement of subjective evaluation with a reproducible, AI-driven approach, which significantly enhances the objectivity, traceability, and scalability of metallurgical analysis. In fact, the proposed approach achieves 99% accuracy in nodule classification compared to manual expert assessment, reduces manual image processing steps, and introduces a novel method for ferrite/perlite measurement in combination with carbide detection using YOLO and SAM models.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6991metallographic analysisdeep learningnodular cast ironartificial visionautomated microstructure evaluation
spellingShingle Javier Nieves
Antonio Serena-Barriuso
Guillermo Elejoste-Rementeria
HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
Applied Sciences
metallographic analysis
deep learning
nodular cast iron
artificial vision
automated microstructure evaluation
title HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
title_full HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
title_fullStr HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
title_full_unstemmed HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
title_short HawkEye: AI-Driven Software for Objective Analysis and Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Microstructures
title_sort hawkeye ai driven software for objective analysis and characterization of nodular cast iron microstructures
topic metallographic analysis
deep learning
nodular cast iron
artificial vision
automated microstructure evaluation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6991
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AT antonioserenabarriuso hawkeyeaidrivensoftwareforobjectiveanalysisandcharacterizationofnodularcastironmicrostructures
AT guillermoelejosterementeria hawkeyeaidrivensoftwareforobjectiveanalysisandcharacterizationofnodularcastironmicrostructures