Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques

Abstract This study addresses the significant issue of rapid land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Lahore District, which is critical for supporting ecological management and sustainable land-use planning. Understanding these changes is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and pr...

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Main Authors: Zainab Tahir, Muhammad Haseeb, Syed Amer Mahmood, Saira Batool, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, Sajid Ullah, Aqil Tariq
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87796-w
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author Zainab Tahir
Muhammad Haseeb
Syed Amer Mahmood
Saira Batool
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Sajid Ullah
Aqil Tariq
author_facet Zainab Tahir
Muhammad Haseeb
Syed Amer Mahmood
Saira Batool
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Sajid Ullah
Aqil Tariq
author_sort Zainab Tahir
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study addresses the significant issue of rapid land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Lahore District, which is critical for supporting ecological management and sustainable land-use planning. Understanding these changes is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and promoting sustainable development. The main goal is to evaluate historical LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 and forecast future trends for 2034 and 2044 utilizing the CA-Markov hybrid model combined with GIS methodologies. Landsat images from various sensors (TM, OLI) were employed for supervised classification, attaining high accuracy (> 90%). Historical LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 were analyzed, revealing significant transformations in Lahore. The build-up area expanded by 359.8 km², indicating rapid urbanization, while vegetation cover decreased by 198.7 km² and barren lands by 158.5 km². Water bodies remained relatively stable during this period. Future LULC trends were projected for 2034 and 2044 using the CA-Markov hybrid model (CA-MHM), which achieved a high prediction accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.92. The research indicated significant urban growth at the expense of vegetation and barren land. Future forecasts suggest ongoing urbanization, underscoring the necessity for sustainable land management techniques. This research is a significant framework for urban planners, providing insights that combine development with ecological conservation. The results highlight the necessity of incorporating predictive models into urban policy to promote sustainable development and environmental preservation in quickly changing areas such as Lahore.
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spelling doaj-art-00cf807efe834b1eba82f2a8e2f1a8392025-08-20T02:25:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-87796-wPredicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniquesZainab Tahir0Muhammad Haseeb1Syed Amer Mahmood2Saira Batool3M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud4Sajid Ullah5Aqil Tariq6Institute of Space Science, University of PunjabInstitute of Space Science, University of PunjabInstitute of Space Science, University of PunjabCentre For Integrated Mountain Research, University of the PunjabDepartment of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Nangarhar UniversityDepartment of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State UniversityAbstract This study addresses the significant issue of rapid land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Lahore District, which is critical for supporting ecological management and sustainable land-use planning. Understanding these changes is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and promoting sustainable development. The main goal is to evaluate historical LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 and forecast future trends for 2034 and 2044 utilizing the CA-Markov hybrid model combined with GIS methodologies. Landsat images from various sensors (TM, OLI) were employed for supervised classification, attaining high accuracy (> 90%). Historical LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 were analyzed, revealing significant transformations in Lahore. The build-up area expanded by 359.8 km², indicating rapid urbanization, while vegetation cover decreased by 198.7 km² and barren lands by 158.5 km². Water bodies remained relatively stable during this period. Future LULC trends were projected for 2034 and 2044 using the CA-Markov hybrid model (CA-MHM), which achieved a high prediction accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.92. The research indicated significant urban growth at the expense of vegetation and barren land. Future forecasts suggest ongoing urbanization, underscoring the necessity for sustainable land management techniques. This research is a significant framework for urban planners, providing insights that combine development with ecological conservation. The results highlight the necessity of incorporating predictive models into urban policy to promote sustainable development and environmental preservation in quickly changing areas such as Lahore.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87796-wLULCCA-Markov ModelRemote sensingGISSustainable Land ManagementLahore
spellingShingle Zainab Tahir
Muhammad Haseeb
Syed Amer Mahmood
Saira Batool
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Sajid Ullah
Aqil Tariq
Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
Scientific Reports
LULC
CA-Markov Model
Remote sensing
GIS
Sustainable Land Management
Lahore
title Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
title_full Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
title_fullStr Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
title_full_unstemmed Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
title_short Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques
title_sort predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using ca markov modelling and gis techniques
topic LULC
CA-Markov Model
Remote sensing
GIS
Sustainable Land Management
Lahore
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87796-w
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