Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes

Abstract The thresholds of drought duration and intensity required to provoke pulses of tree mortality across Earth’s biomes remain unclear. Using globally-extensive updated databases of drought-associated tree mortality, we report substantial diversity in the types of drought events that cause tree...

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Main Authors: Antonio Gazol, Manuel Pizarro, William M. Hammond, Craig D. Allen, J. Julio Camarero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60856-5
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author Antonio Gazol
Manuel Pizarro
William M. Hammond
Craig D. Allen
J. Julio Camarero
author_facet Antonio Gazol
Manuel Pizarro
William M. Hammond
Craig D. Allen
J. Julio Camarero
author_sort Antonio Gazol
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The thresholds of drought duration and intensity required to provoke pulses of tree mortality across Earth’s biomes remain unclear. Using globally-extensive updated databases of drought-associated tree mortality, we report substantial diversity in the types of drought events that cause tree death in different forest types. Tree-killing droughts are longer, more intense and have higher completeness (proportion of extreme drought within long-lasting droughts) in dry versus wet biomes. Mortality-inducing droughts are more intense and show higher completeness in angiosperm-dominated forests. We find a marked tendency towards long-lasting and more severe and complete droughts in recent years, particularly in more arid sites. Warming-amplified aridity is a main factor underpinning these variations. Differences in “sampling effort” across regions make it challenging to characterize the high variability in drought-induced tree mortality events. In this work we demonstrate the need to create, continuously update, and refine more extensive field-based tree mortality monitoring programs globally.
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spelling doaj-art-00c9bfda18e8430dab9cd7ae272fb6b02025-08-20T03:45:35ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-60856-5Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomesAntonio Gazol0Manuel Pizarro1William M. Hammond2Craig D. Allen3J. Julio Camarero4Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)Agronomy Department, University of FloridaDepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New MexicoInstituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)Abstract The thresholds of drought duration and intensity required to provoke pulses of tree mortality across Earth’s biomes remain unclear. Using globally-extensive updated databases of drought-associated tree mortality, we report substantial diversity in the types of drought events that cause tree death in different forest types. Tree-killing droughts are longer, more intense and have higher completeness (proportion of extreme drought within long-lasting droughts) in dry versus wet biomes. Mortality-inducing droughts are more intense and show higher completeness in angiosperm-dominated forests. We find a marked tendency towards long-lasting and more severe and complete droughts in recent years, particularly in more arid sites. Warming-amplified aridity is a main factor underpinning these variations. Differences in “sampling effort” across regions make it challenging to characterize the high variability in drought-induced tree mortality events. In this work we demonstrate the need to create, continuously update, and refine more extensive field-based tree mortality monitoring programs globally.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60856-5
spellingShingle Antonio Gazol
Manuel Pizarro
William M. Hammond
Craig D. Allen
J. Julio Camarero
Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
Nature Communications
title Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
title_full Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
title_fullStr Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
title_full_unstemmed Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
title_short Droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity, especially in dry biomes
title_sort droughts preceding tree mortality events have increased in duration and intensity especially in dry biomes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60856-5
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