PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development
Abstract Little is known about the regulation and function of phase separation in craniofacial developmental disorders. MSX1 mutations are associated with human cleft palate, the most common craniofacial birth defect. Here, we show that MSX1 phase separation is a vertebrate-conserved mechanism under...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56327-6 |
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| author | Li Meng Yucheng Jiang Jiawen You Yatao Chen Shuyu Guo Liming Chen Junqing Ma |
| author_facet | Li Meng Yucheng Jiang Jiawen You Yatao Chen Shuyu Guo Liming Chen Junqing Ma |
| author_sort | Li Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Little is known about the regulation and function of phase separation in craniofacial developmental disorders. MSX1 mutations are associated with human cleft palate, the most common craniofacial birth defect. Here, we show that MSX1 phase separation is a vertebrate-conserved mechanism underlying embryonic palatal fusion. Notably, MSX1 phase separation is triggered by its intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR) and regulated by PRMT1-catalyzed methylation, specifically asymmetric dimethylation of arginine in the MSX1 IDR including R150 and R157. Hypomethylated MSX1 due to methylation site mutations and PRMT1 deficiency consistently leads to abnormal MSX1 phase separation to form less dynamic gel-like condensates, resulting in proliferation defects of embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells and cleft palate. Besides, high frequency mutations in the MSX1 IDR, especially R157S, have been identified in humans with cleft palate. Overall, we reveal the function and regulatory pathway of MSX1 phase separation as a conserved mechanism underlying cleft palate, providing a proof-of-concept example of a phenotype-associated phase separation mechanism associated with craniofacial developmental disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-00c12d16d8e84fe9bf8eaa87dde513f5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-00c12d16d8e84fe9bf8eaa87dde513f52025-01-26T12:41:21ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-56327-6PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate developmentLi Meng0Yucheng Jiang1Jiawen You2Yatao Chen3Shuyu Guo4Liming Chen5Junqing Ma6State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Little is known about the regulation and function of phase separation in craniofacial developmental disorders. MSX1 mutations are associated with human cleft palate, the most common craniofacial birth defect. Here, we show that MSX1 phase separation is a vertebrate-conserved mechanism underlying embryonic palatal fusion. Notably, MSX1 phase separation is triggered by its intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR) and regulated by PRMT1-catalyzed methylation, specifically asymmetric dimethylation of arginine in the MSX1 IDR including R150 and R157. Hypomethylated MSX1 due to methylation site mutations and PRMT1 deficiency consistently leads to abnormal MSX1 phase separation to form less dynamic gel-like condensates, resulting in proliferation defects of embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells and cleft palate. Besides, high frequency mutations in the MSX1 IDR, especially R157S, have been identified in humans with cleft palate. Overall, we reveal the function and regulatory pathway of MSX1 phase separation as a conserved mechanism underlying cleft palate, providing a proof-of-concept example of a phenotype-associated phase separation mechanism associated with craniofacial developmental disorders.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56327-6 |
| spellingShingle | Li Meng Yucheng Jiang Jiawen You Yatao Chen Shuyu Guo Liming Chen Junqing Ma PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development Nature Communications |
| title | PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development |
| title_full | PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development |
| title_fullStr | PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development |
| title_full_unstemmed | PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development |
| title_short | PRMT1-methylated MSX1 phase separates to control palate development |
| title_sort | prmt1 methylated msx1 phase separates to control palate development |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56327-6 |
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