High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties

BiFeO3BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics exhibit higher piezoelectric coefficients (d33), Curie temperatures (TC), and temperature stability than other high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, despite their crucial role in piezoelectric devices, the mechanical properties of BF–BT ceramics...

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Main Authors: Xiaoxiao Zhou, Yuxin Xu, Xiaoqi Gao, Chengchao Hu, Wan Jiang, Hezhang Li, Bo-Ping Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materiomics
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235284782400176X
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author Xiaoxiao Zhou
Yuxin Xu
Xiaoqi Gao
Chengchao Hu
Wan Jiang
Hezhang Li
Bo-Ping Zhang
author_facet Xiaoxiao Zhou
Yuxin Xu
Xiaoqi Gao
Chengchao Hu
Wan Jiang
Hezhang Li
Bo-Ping Zhang
author_sort Xiaoxiao Zhou
collection DOAJ
description BiFeO3BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics exhibit higher piezoelectric coefficients (d33), Curie temperatures (TC), and temperature stability than other high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, despite their crucial role in piezoelectric devices, the mechanical properties of BF–BT ceramics have been underexplored. A thorough evaluation of the mechanical properties of BF–BT is crucial for developing cost-effective and durable lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Moreover, the specific causes of the high piezoelectric response and excellent temperature stability of BF–BT ceramics remain unclear owing to the instrumental detection threshold, which limits experimental studies to temperatures above 140 °C and below the degradation temperature of d33. To investigate the intrinsic origins of the high piezoelectricity and temperature stability of BF–xBT ceramics and to enhance their mechanical properties, a two-step sintering process is used to fabricate these ceramics (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.40). Owing to improvements in grain refinement and reduced Bi3+ volatilization, the BF–0.33 BT ceramic exhibits enhanced overall performance, with a modified small punch strength of 155 MPa, Vickers hardness of 5.2 GPa, a d33 of 220 pC/N at room temperature, TC of 466 °C, and d33 values exceeding 400 pC/N at 260 °C. Phase-field simulations, which address the limitations of device detection thresholds, reveal that with increasing temperature, the domain structure relaxes, and polarization intensity decreases. This indicates that changes in the high-temperature piezoelectric properties can be attributed to domain structure relaxation and the increase in dielectric constant. Overall, BF–BT ceramics exhibit superior piezoelectric performance, mechanical properties, and temperature stability, making them highly suitable for use in high-temperature and demanding environments.
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publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-00b5caa5ff724223a99f217b31b38fe72025-08-20T02:54:22ZengElsevierJournal of Materiomics2352-84782025-07-0111410093710.1016/j.jmat.2024.100937High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical propertiesXiaoxiao Zhou0Yuxin Xu1Xiaoqi Gao2Chengchao Hu3Wan Jiang4Hezhang Li5Bo-Ping Zhang6School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, ChinaDepartment of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Corresponding author.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Corresponding author.BiFeO3BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics exhibit higher piezoelectric coefficients (d33), Curie temperatures (TC), and temperature stability than other high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, despite their crucial role in piezoelectric devices, the mechanical properties of BF–BT ceramics have been underexplored. A thorough evaluation of the mechanical properties of BF–BT is crucial for developing cost-effective and durable lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Moreover, the specific causes of the high piezoelectric response and excellent temperature stability of BF–BT ceramics remain unclear owing to the instrumental detection threshold, which limits experimental studies to temperatures above 140 °C and below the degradation temperature of d33. To investigate the intrinsic origins of the high piezoelectricity and temperature stability of BF–xBT ceramics and to enhance their mechanical properties, a two-step sintering process is used to fabricate these ceramics (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.40). Owing to improvements in grain refinement and reduced Bi3+ volatilization, the BF–0.33 BT ceramic exhibits enhanced overall performance, with a modified small punch strength of 155 MPa, Vickers hardness of 5.2 GPa, a d33 of 220 pC/N at room temperature, TC of 466 °C, and d33 values exceeding 400 pC/N at 260 °C. Phase-field simulations, which address the limitations of device detection thresholds, reveal that with increasing temperature, the domain structure relaxes, and polarization intensity decreases. This indicates that changes in the high-temperature piezoelectric properties can be attributed to domain structure relaxation and the increase in dielectric constant. Overall, BF–BT ceramics exhibit superior piezoelectric performance, mechanical properties, and temperature stability, making them highly suitable for use in high-temperature and demanding environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235284782400176XBiFeO3–BaTiO3Piezoelectric propertyMechanical propertyTemperature stabilityPhase-field simulation
spellingShingle Xiaoxiao Zhou
Yuxin Xu
Xiaoqi Gao
Chengchao Hu
Wan Jiang
Hezhang Li
Bo-Ping Zhang
High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
Journal of Materiomics
BiFeO3–BaTiO3
Piezoelectric property
Mechanical property
Temperature stability
Phase-field simulation
title High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
title_full High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
title_fullStr High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
title_full_unstemmed High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
title_short High-piezoelectric lead-free BiFeO3BaTiO3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
title_sort high piezoelectric lead free bifeo3batio3 ceramics with enhanced temperature stability and mechanical properties
topic BiFeO3–BaTiO3
Piezoelectric property
Mechanical property
Temperature stability
Phase-field simulation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235284782400176X
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