Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations

In recent years, cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and digital twin (DT), have revolutionized the healthcare sector by enhancing public health and treatment quality through precise diagnosis, preventive measures, and real-time care capabilities. Despite the...

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Main Authors: Ezz El-Din Hemdan, Amged Sayed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Algorithms
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/401
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author Ezz El-Din Hemdan
Amged Sayed
author_facet Ezz El-Din Hemdan
Amged Sayed
author_sort Ezz El-Din Hemdan
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and digital twin (DT), have revolutionized the healthcare sector by enhancing public health and treatment quality through precise diagnosis, preventive measures, and real-time care capabilities. Despite these advancements, the massive amount of generated biomedical data puts substantial challenges associated with information security, privacy, and scalability. Applying blockchain in healthcare-based digital twins ensures data integrity, immutability, consistency, and security, making it a critical component in addressing these challenges. Federated learning (FL) has also emerged as a promising AI technique to enhance privacy and enable decentralized data processing. This paper investigates the integration of digital twin concepts with blockchain and FL in the healthcare domain, focusing on their architecture and applications. It also explores platforms and solutions that leverage these technologies for secure and scalable medical implementations. A case study on federated learning for electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification is presented, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic tool for brain activity analysis and neurological disorder detection. Finally, we highlight the key challenges, emerging opportunities, and future directions in advancing healthcare digital twins with blockchain and federated learning, paving the way for a more intelligent, secure, and privacy-preserving medical ecosystem.
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spelling doaj-art-00a894ce47b54178ae2fe04dbb2f66e72025-08-20T02:45:52ZengMDPI AGAlgorithms1999-48932025-06-0118740110.3390/a18070401Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future InnovationsEzz El-Din Hemdan0Amged Sayed1Structure and Materials Research Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Energy Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Transport, Smart Village Campus, Giza 12577, EgyptIn recent years, cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and digital twin (DT), have revolutionized the healthcare sector by enhancing public health and treatment quality through precise diagnosis, preventive measures, and real-time care capabilities. Despite these advancements, the massive amount of generated biomedical data puts substantial challenges associated with information security, privacy, and scalability. Applying blockchain in healthcare-based digital twins ensures data integrity, immutability, consistency, and security, making it a critical component in addressing these challenges. Federated learning (FL) has also emerged as a promising AI technique to enhance privacy and enable decentralized data processing. This paper investigates the integration of digital twin concepts with blockchain and FL in the healthcare domain, focusing on their architecture and applications. It also explores platforms and solutions that leverage these technologies for secure and scalable medical implementations. A case study on federated learning for electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification is presented, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic tool for brain activity analysis and neurological disorder detection. Finally, we highlight the key challenges, emerging opportunities, and future directions in advancing healthcare digital twins with blockchain and federated learning, paving the way for a more intelligent, secure, and privacy-preserving medical ecosystem.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/401healthcaredigital twin (DT)artificial intelligence (AI)federated learning (FL)blockchainhealthcare digital twins
spellingShingle Ezz El-Din Hemdan
Amged Sayed
Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
Algorithms
healthcare
digital twin (DT)
artificial intelligence (AI)
federated learning (FL)
blockchain
healthcare digital twins
title Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
title_full Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
title_fullStr Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
title_full_unstemmed Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
title_short Smart and Secure Healthcare with Digital Twins: A Deep Dive into Blockchain, Federated Learning, and Future Innovations
title_sort smart and secure healthcare with digital twins a deep dive into blockchain federated learning and future innovations
topic healthcare
digital twin (DT)
artificial intelligence (AI)
federated learning (FL)
blockchain
healthcare digital twins
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/401
work_keys_str_mv AT ezzeldinhemdan smartandsecurehealthcarewithdigitaltwinsadeepdiveintoblockchainfederatedlearningandfutureinnovations
AT amgedsayed smartandsecurehealthcarewithdigitaltwinsadeepdiveintoblockchainfederatedlearningandfutureinnovations