Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma

The bidirectional propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian (PCLG) beams under atmospheric turbulence and plasma were numerically investigated. The corresponding analytical formulas for the intensity distribution, effective beam width, and <i>M</i><sup>2</su...

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Main Authors: Yuelei Zhang, Linxuan Yao, Yuanhao Zhao, Hui Zhang, Yangjian Cai, Yangsheng Yuan, Yaru Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/12/1111
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author Yuelei Zhang
Linxuan Yao
Yuanhao Zhao
Hui Zhang
Yangjian Cai
Yangsheng Yuan
Yaru Gao
author_facet Yuelei Zhang
Linxuan Yao
Yuanhao Zhao
Hui Zhang
Yangjian Cai
Yangsheng Yuan
Yaru Gao
author_sort Yuelei Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The bidirectional propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian (PCLG) beams under atmospheric turbulence and plasma were numerically investigated. The corresponding analytical formulas for the intensity distribution, effective beam width, and <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> factor of PCLG beams were derived by utilizing the generalized Collins integral formula, atmospheric turbulence theory, and second-order moments theory of the Wigner distribution function. The intensity distribution of the PCLG beams ultimately evolved into a Gaussian-like intensity distribution. Additionally, the effective beam width and <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> factor could be less affected by selecting appropriate parameter values for the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength of the PCLG beam. The impact of parameters such as the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength for reverse transmission on the PCLG beam propagation properties was greater than that for forward transmission. These results are beneficial for applications in free-space optical communications.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2304-6732
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Photonics
spelling doaj-art-00a73eab12db40babd9399acb98990022025-08-20T02:57:17ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322024-11-011112111110.3390/photonics11121111Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and PlasmaYuelei Zhang0Linxuan Yao1Yuanhao Zhao2Hui Zhang3Yangjian Cai4Yangsheng Yuan5Yaru Gao6Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaShandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaThe bidirectional propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian (PCLG) beams under atmospheric turbulence and plasma were numerically investigated. The corresponding analytical formulas for the intensity distribution, effective beam width, and <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> factor of PCLG beams were derived by utilizing the generalized Collins integral formula, atmospheric turbulence theory, and second-order moments theory of the Wigner distribution function. The intensity distribution of the PCLG beams ultimately evolved into a Gaussian-like intensity distribution. Additionally, the effective beam width and <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> factor could be less affected by selecting appropriate parameter values for the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength of the PCLG beam. The impact of parameters such as the beam order, transverse coherence width, and wavelength for reverse transmission on the PCLG beam propagation properties was greater than that for forward transmission. These results are beneficial for applications in free-space optical communications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/12/1111atmospheric turbulenceplasmapropagation propertiespartially coherent beams
spellingShingle Yuelei Zhang
Linxuan Yao
Yuanhao Zhao
Hui Zhang
Yangjian Cai
Yangsheng Yuan
Yaru Gao
Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
Photonics
atmospheric turbulence
plasma
propagation properties
partially coherent beams
title Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
title_full Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
title_fullStr Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
title_full_unstemmed Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
title_short Bidirectional Propagation Properties of Partially Coherent Laguerre–Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence and Plasma
title_sort bidirectional propagation properties of partially coherent laguerre gaussian beams in atmospheric turbulence and plasma
topic atmospheric turbulence
plasma
propagation properties
partially coherent beams
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/12/1111
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