Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Abstract Periodontitis causes the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and current therapies for periodontal regeneration are invasive. In this study, a human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC; hDP-MSC) injection was developed to promote periodontal regeneration through a non-invasive procedure. A tot...

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Main Authors: Yi Liu, Yitong Liu, Jingchao Hu, Jianhui Han, Lin Song, Xu Liu, Nannan Han, Xia Xia, Jia He, Hongfang Meng, Meng Wan, Haojie Wang, Xiaodan Liu, Zhanyi Gao, Xiao Wang, Chutse Wu, Songlin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02320-w
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author Yi Liu
Yitong Liu
Jingchao Hu
Jianhui Han
Lin Song
Xu Liu
Nannan Han
Xia Xia
Jia He
Hongfang Meng
Meng Wan
Haojie Wang
Xiaodan Liu
Zhanyi Gao
Xiao Wang
Chutse Wu
Songlin Wang
author_facet Yi Liu
Yitong Liu
Jingchao Hu
Jianhui Han
Lin Song
Xu Liu
Nannan Han
Xia Xia
Jia He
Hongfang Meng
Meng Wan
Haojie Wang
Xiaodan Liu
Zhanyi Gao
Xiao Wang
Chutse Wu
Songlin Wang
author_sort Yi Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Periodontitis causes the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and current therapies for periodontal regeneration are invasive. In this study, a human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC; hDP-MSC) injection was developed to promote periodontal regeneration through a non-invasive procedure. A total of 132 patients with chronic periodontitis (158 teeth) from two centers in China were included. Thirty-six were randomly assigned to different DPSC dose groups (ranging from 1 × 106 to 1 × 107 DPSCs per tooth, with nine injected with saline only), and 96 were randomly assigned to a single-injection group (1 × 107/0.6 mL DPSCs), a double-injection group (1 × 107/0.6 mL DPSCs × 2), or a saline group, in a 1:1:1 ratio. At 6 months post-therapy, attachment loss (AL), periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), tooth mobility (TM), and bone defect depth (BDD) were examined. The primary outcome was AL. DPSC injection resulted in greater improvement in BDD (0.30 ± 0.484 mm) compared to saline injection (0.04 ± 0.315 mm). Post hoc analysis showed that DPSC injection had significantly better outcomes in patients with stage III periodontitis (AL ≥ 5 mm): 54 patients received DPSCs, and 40 received saline. AL improved by 1.67 ± 1.508 mm in the DPSC group (26.81% improvement) and by 1.03 ± 1.310 mm in the saline group (17.43% improvement). The therapeutic effects encompassed improvements in both soft and hard tissues. In summary, DPSC injection was safe and improved clinical outcomes compared to saline injection in patients with stage III periodontitis. Larger trials are warranted to validate these findings (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05924373).
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spelling doaj-art-00a66585a15a479699985007cdff4ee62025-08-20T03:41:57ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352025-07-0110111110.1038/s41392-025-02320-wImpact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trialYi Liu0Yitong Liu1Jingchao Hu2Jianhui Han3Lin Song4Xu Liu5Nannan Han6Xia Xia7Jia He8Hongfang Meng9Meng Wan10Haojie Wang11Xiaodan Liu12Zhanyi Gao13Xiao Wang14Chutse Wu15Songlin Wang16Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityLaboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing SH Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Beijing SH Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Beijing SH Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijing SH Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Periodontitis causes the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and current therapies for periodontal regeneration are invasive. In this study, a human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC; hDP-MSC) injection was developed to promote periodontal regeneration through a non-invasive procedure. A total of 132 patients with chronic periodontitis (158 teeth) from two centers in China were included. Thirty-six were randomly assigned to different DPSC dose groups (ranging from 1 × 106 to 1 × 107 DPSCs per tooth, with nine injected with saline only), and 96 were randomly assigned to a single-injection group (1 × 107/0.6 mL DPSCs), a double-injection group (1 × 107/0.6 mL DPSCs × 2), or a saline group, in a 1:1:1 ratio. At 6 months post-therapy, attachment loss (AL), periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), tooth mobility (TM), and bone defect depth (BDD) were examined. The primary outcome was AL. DPSC injection resulted in greater improvement in BDD (0.30 ± 0.484 mm) compared to saline injection (0.04 ± 0.315 mm). Post hoc analysis showed that DPSC injection had significantly better outcomes in patients with stage III periodontitis (AL ≥ 5 mm): 54 patients received DPSCs, and 40 received saline. AL improved by 1.67 ± 1.508 mm in the DPSC group (26.81% improvement) and by 1.03 ± 1.310 mm in the saline group (17.43% improvement). The therapeutic effects encompassed improvements in both soft and hard tissues. In summary, DPSC injection was safe and improved clinical outcomes compared to saline injection in patients with stage III periodontitis. Larger trials are warranted to validate these findings (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05924373).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02320-w
spellingShingle Yi Liu
Yitong Liu
Jingchao Hu
Jianhui Han
Lin Song
Xu Liu
Nannan Han
Xia Xia
Jia He
Hongfang Meng
Meng Wan
Haojie Wang
Xiaodan Liu
Zhanyi Gao
Xiao Wang
Chutse Wu
Songlin Wang
Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
title Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
title_full Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
title_fullStr Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
title_full_unstemmed Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
title_short Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
title_sort impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis a multicenter randomized clinical trial
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02320-w
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