Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study

Background: Ankle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries, and their management is primarily determined by fracture stability. The Lauge-Hansen classification system categorizes fractures according to mechanism of injury and ligaments involved. Supination external rotation (SER) type 2 fractures c...

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Main Authors: Alex N. Karanja MBChB, Albert Ho-Huynh MBBS, Tom Walsh PhD, Simon R. Platt MBChB, FRCS, FRACS, FAOrthoA
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-03-01
Series:Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/24730114251328694
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author Alex N. Karanja MBChB
Albert Ho-Huynh MBBS
Tom Walsh PhD
Simon R. Platt MBChB, FRCS, FRACS, FAOrthoA
author_facet Alex N. Karanja MBChB
Albert Ho-Huynh MBBS
Tom Walsh PhD
Simon R. Platt MBChB, FRCS, FRACS, FAOrthoA
author_sort Alex N. Karanja MBChB
collection DOAJ
description Background: Ankle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries, and their management is primarily determined by fracture stability. The Lauge-Hansen classification system categorizes fractures according to mechanism of injury and ligaments involved. Supination external rotation (SER) type 2 fractures correspond to stable weber B fractures and are traditionally treated nonoperatively, whereas SER 3 and SER 4 fractures, characterized by syndesmosis disruption, typically require surgical intervention. We hypothesize that some apparently stable injuries may involve additional structures, challenging the conventional treatment approach. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SER 3 and SER 4 ankle injuries among radiographically stable SER 2 fractures. Method: The study used baseline data from a longitudinal cohort conducted at Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service (GCHHS). Patients attending the GCHHS fracture clinic with radiographically stable SER 2 fractures were invited to participate. Those meeting the eligibility criteria underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the integrity of syndesmotic and ankle ligaments. Results: Fifty-six participants were recruited, 38 (68%) female and 18 (32%) male, with a mean age of 47.2 years. All had stable syndesmoses on radiographic assessment and diagnosed with stable SER 2 ankle fractures. MRI scans revealed that 71% (n = 40) met the criteria for SER 2 injuries, 25% (n = 14) for SER 3 injuries with complete ruptures of posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), and 4% (n = 2) for SER 4 injuries with PITFL and deltoid ligament (DL) ruptures. These results challenge the assumption that radiographically stable SER 2 fractures are consistently stable in terms of additional structures involved. Conclusion: The study highlights that a considerable proportion of seemingly stable ankle fractures involve more structures than previously thought. This suggests the management of SER 3 and SER 4 injuries could include nonoperative treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III, cohort study.
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spelling doaj-art-009a0be20d2c4de180b9e2d0ceb810012025-08-20T02:48:18ZengSAGE PublishingFoot & Ankle Orthopaedics2473-01142025-03-011010.1177/24730114251328694Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based StudyAlex N. Karanja MBChB0Albert Ho-Huynh MBBS1Tom Walsh PhD2Simon R. Platt MBChB, FRCS, FRACS, FAOrthoA3Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaGold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaGold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaGriffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaBackground: Ankle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries, and their management is primarily determined by fracture stability. The Lauge-Hansen classification system categorizes fractures according to mechanism of injury and ligaments involved. Supination external rotation (SER) type 2 fractures correspond to stable weber B fractures and are traditionally treated nonoperatively, whereas SER 3 and SER 4 fractures, characterized by syndesmosis disruption, typically require surgical intervention. We hypothesize that some apparently stable injuries may involve additional structures, challenging the conventional treatment approach. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SER 3 and SER 4 ankle injuries among radiographically stable SER 2 fractures. Method: The study used baseline data from a longitudinal cohort conducted at Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service (GCHHS). Patients attending the GCHHS fracture clinic with radiographically stable SER 2 fractures were invited to participate. Those meeting the eligibility criteria underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the integrity of syndesmotic and ankle ligaments. Results: Fifty-six participants were recruited, 38 (68%) female and 18 (32%) male, with a mean age of 47.2 years. All had stable syndesmoses on radiographic assessment and diagnosed with stable SER 2 ankle fractures. MRI scans revealed that 71% (n = 40) met the criteria for SER 2 injuries, 25% (n = 14) for SER 3 injuries with complete ruptures of posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), and 4% (n = 2) for SER 4 injuries with PITFL and deltoid ligament (DL) ruptures. These results challenge the assumption that radiographically stable SER 2 fractures are consistently stable in terms of additional structures involved. Conclusion: The study highlights that a considerable proportion of seemingly stable ankle fractures involve more structures than previously thought. This suggests the management of SER 3 and SER 4 injuries could include nonoperative treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III, cohort study.https://doi.org/10.1177/24730114251328694
spellingShingle Alex N. Karanja MBChB
Albert Ho-Huynh MBBS
Tom Walsh PhD
Simon R. Platt MBChB, FRCS, FRACS, FAOrthoA
Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
title Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
title_full Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
title_fullStr Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
title_short Ligamentous Injuries in Stable Ankle Fractures: An MRI-Based Study
title_sort ligamentous injuries in stable ankle fractures an mri based study
url https://doi.org/10.1177/24730114251328694
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