Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022
Objectives This study investigated the correlation between the type of health insurance membership as a proxy for the economic status of patients and the severity of their type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia.Design The study conducted a secondary analysis of National Health Insurance (Jam...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-05-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
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| author | Abdillah Ahsan Maulida Gadis Utami Yuyu Buono Ayuning Pertiwi Wan Aisyiah Baros Dedy Revelino Siregar Leopold Aminde Khaterina Kristina Manurung Maya Febriyanti |
| author_facet | Abdillah Ahsan Maulida Gadis Utami Yuyu Buono Ayuning Pertiwi Wan Aisyiah Baros Dedy Revelino Siregar Leopold Aminde Khaterina Kristina Manurung Maya Febriyanti |
| author_sort | Abdillah Ahsan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives This study investigated the correlation between the type of health insurance membership as a proxy for the economic status of patients and the severity of their type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia.Design The study conducted a secondary analysis of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) claim data provided by the Indonesian Social Security Agency, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). We used ordered logistic regression with four severity levels for T2DM (0=outpatient, I=mild, II=moderate, III=severe) as dependent variables. The main independent variables (insurance membership categories) included subsidised insurance members (PBI), a combination of formally employed and nonsalaried informal workers (PBPU & PPU) and nonworkers (BP).Setting Secondary healthcare facilities in Indonesia.Participants The dataset included 2 989 618 claims for hospital visits of people with T2DM from 2018 to 2022.Primary outcome measures Severity level of T2DM patients.Result A higher percentage of T2DM patients who visited healthcare facilities with subsidised insurance (PBI), which represents a low-income group, have severe disease (6.9%) than patients in the PBPU & PPU (4.9%) and BP categories (5.5%). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that having PBI membership status was associated with a greater OR of having severe T2DM than nonsubsidised members. Among T2DM patients in the nonsubsidised insurance category, workers (PBPU & PPU) had an OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.735 to 0.745; p<0.0001) for having severe disease during hospital visits. Moreover, non-workers (BP) had a lower OR of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.711 to 0.725; p<0.0001) for severe disease than the PBI category.Conclusion These findings illustrate the lack of optimal access to health services for diabetes patients in low-income insurance membership categories and the challenges of better treatment in health facilities for low-income patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-008ce41723f0417dabae9f0afcc462fe |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-008ce41723f0417dabae9f0afcc462fe2025-08-20T02:12:51ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-05-0115510.1136/bmjopen-2024-091115Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022Abdillah Ahsan0Maulida Gadis Utami1Yuyu Buono Ayuning Pertiwi2Wan Aisyiah Baros3Dedy Revelino Siregar4Leopold Aminde5Khaterina Kristina Manurung6Maya Febriyanti7Department of Economics, University of Indonesia Faculty of Economics and Business, Depok, IndonesiaDemographic Institute, University of Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaDemographic Institute, University of Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaBadan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Jakarta, IndonesiaBadan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Jakarta, IndonesiaSchool of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, AustraliaBadan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Jakarta, IndonesiaBadan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Jakarta, IndonesiaObjectives This study investigated the correlation between the type of health insurance membership as a proxy for the economic status of patients and the severity of their type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia.Design The study conducted a secondary analysis of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) claim data provided by the Indonesian Social Security Agency, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). We used ordered logistic regression with four severity levels for T2DM (0=outpatient, I=mild, II=moderate, III=severe) as dependent variables. The main independent variables (insurance membership categories) included subsidised insurance members (PBI), a combination of formally employed and nonsalaried informal workers (PBPU & PPU) and nonworkers (BP).Setting Secondary healthcare facilities in Indonesia.Participants The dataset included 2 989 618 claims for hospital visits of people with T2DM from 2018 to 2022.Primary outcome measures Severity level of T2DM patients.Result A higher percentage of T2DM patients who visited healthcare facilities with subsidised insurance (PBI), which represents a low-income group, have severe disease (6.9%) than patients in the PBPU & PPU (4.9%) and BP categories (5.5%). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that having PBI membership status was associated with a greater OR of having severe T2DM than nonsubsidised members. Among T2DM patients in the nonsubsidised insurance category, workers (PBPU & PPU) had an OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.735 to 0.745; p<0.0001) for having severe disease during hospital visits. Moreover, non-workers (BP) had a lower OR of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.711 to 0.725; p<0.0001) for severe disease than the PBI category.Conclusion These findings illustrate the lack of optimal access to health services for diabetes patients in low-income insurance membership categories and the challenges of better treatment in health facilities for low-income patients.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/5/e091115.full |
| spellingShingle | Abdillah Ahsan Maulida Gadis Utami Yuyu Buono Ayuning Pertiwi Wan Aisyiah Baros Dedy Revelino Siregar Leopold Aminde Khaterina Kristina Manurung Maya Febriyanti Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 BMJ Open |
| title | Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 |
| title_full | Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 |
| title_fullStr | Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 |
| title_short | Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018–2022 |
| title_sort | correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in indonesia analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme 2018 2022 |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/5/e091115.full |
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