Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions

The aim of this research consisted of assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interurban public transport system in a rural region with a sparse population density, considering the number of tickets sold and passengers in each locality, as well as the different connecting lines. From a...

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Main Authors: Juan Miguel Vega Naranjo, Rafael González-Escobar, Montaña Jiménez-Espada, Jonathan Galeano Vivas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1778
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author Juan Miguel Vega Naranjo
Rafael González-Escobar
Montaña Jiménez-Espada
Jonathan Galeano Vivas
author_facet Juan Miguel Vega Naranjo
Rafael González-Escobar
Montaña Jiménez-Espada
Jonathan Galeano Vivas
author_sort Juan Miguel Vega Naranjo
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this research consisted of assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interurban public transport system in a rural region with a sparse population density, considering the number of tickets sold and passengers in each locality, as well as the different connecting lines. From a methodological point of view and with the intention of identifying patterns to explain the behaviour of both the routes and passengers, a series of variables were selected, becoming determining factors that sought to offer a solution to the search for a common trend. Additionally, data processing by the means of statistical analysis and the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools complemented the procedure. The results obtained in the investigation were provided both by municipality and by interurban routes. An interesting finding of this research was the uneven recovery of the municipalities. The localities closest to the attractor nucleus have recovered more quickly to pre-pandemic mobility levels due to their geographical proximity, larger populations, higher incomes per household, and need to access certain public services. In terms of routes, all the lines showed significant decreases in ticket sales, although with variations. Although passenger numbers have shown a gradual recovery, the initial loss was considerable, and pre-pandemic normality has not been completely achieved. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in interurban mobility over a four-year period. The incorporation of critical variables and the segmentation by municipality and route provide a way to identify discernible patterns of mobility. However, the lack of previous research focusing on the impact of the pandemic in rural areas of low population density restricts the possibility of establishing a comparison and to generalise the findings. The authors consider that future research should include other alternative means of transport in these interurban areas and incorporate variables to characterise passengers, such as age, gender, etc.
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spelling doaj-art-0087c73072dc41cd838c99f90beb88b22025-08-20T02:48:03ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-10-011311177810.3390/land13111778Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated RegionsJuan Miguel Vega Naranjo0Rafael González-Escobar1Montaña Jiménez-Espada2Jonathan Galeano Vivas3Department of Construction, School of Technology, Research Institute for Sustainable Territorial Development (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartment of Construction, School of Technology, Research Institute for Sustainable Territorial Development (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartment of Construction, School of Technology, Research Institute for Sustainable Territorial Development (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartment of Construction, School of Technology, Research Institute for Sustainable Territorial Development (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, SpainThe aim of this research consisted of assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interurban public transport system in a rural region with a sparse population density, considering the number of tickets sold and passengers in each locality, as well as the different connecting lines. From a methodological point of view and with the intention of identifying patterns to explain the behaviour of both the routes and passengers, a series of variables were selected, becoming determining factors that sought to offer a solution to the search for a common trend. Additionally, data processing by the means of statistical analysis and the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools complemented the procedure. The results obtained in the investigation were provided both by municipality and by interurban routes. An interesting finding of this research was the uneven recovery of the municipalities. The localities closest to the attractor nucleus have recovered more quickly to pre-pandemic mobility levels due to their geographical proximity, larger populations, higher incomes per household, and need to access certain public services. In terms of routes, all the lines showed significant decreases in ticket sales, although with variations. Although passenger numbers have shown a gradual recovery, the initial loss was considerable, and pre-pandemic normality has not been completely achieved. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in interurban mobility over a four-year period. The incorporation of critical variables and the segmentation by municipality and route provide a way to identify discernible patterns of mobility. However, the lack of previous research focusing on the impact of the pandemic in rural areas of low population density restricts the possibility of establishing a comparison and to generalise the findings. The authors consider that future research should include other alternative means of transport in these interurban areas and incorporate variables to characterise passengers, such as age, gender, etc.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1778public bus transportationrural areasdemographic challenge and depopulationpatterns of displacement mobilityaccessibility to basic servicesCOVID-19
spellingShingle Juan Miguel Vega Naranjo
Rafael González-Escobar
Montaña Jiménez-Espada
Jonathan Galeano Vivas
Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
Land
public bus transportation
rural areas
demographic challenge and depopulation
patterns of displacement mobility
accessibility to basic services
COVID-19
title Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
title_full Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
title_fullStr Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
title_full_unstemmed Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
title_short Resilience of Interurban Public Transport and Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Connectivity in Sparsely Populated Regions
title_sort resilience of interurban public transport and impact of covid 19 on rural connectivity in sparsely populated regions
topic public bus transportation
rural areas
demographic challenge and depopulation
patterns of displacement mobility
accessibility to basic services
COVID-19
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1778
work_keys_str_mv AT juanmiguelveganaranjo resilienceofinterurbanpublictransportandimpactofcovid19onruralconnectivityinsparselypopulatedregions
AT rafaelgonzalezescobar resilienceofinterurbanpublictransportandimpactofcovid19onruralconnectivityinsparselypopulatedregions
AT montanajimenezespada resilienceofinterurbanpublictransportandimpactofcovid19onruralconnectivityinsparselypopulatedregions
AT jonathangaleanovivas resilienceofinterurbanpublictransportandimpactofcovid19onruralconnectivityinsparselypopulatedregions