The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a medical condition caused by neurodegeneration, marked by a gradual decline in neurological, motor, psychological, and cognitive domain functions, as well as daily activities. It primarily affects individuals with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, st...

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Main Authors: Addisu Getie, Melaku Bimerew, Mihretie Gedfew, Baye Tsegaye Amlak, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Adam Wondmieneh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000530
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author Addisu Getie
Melaku Bimerew
Mihretie Gedfew
Baye Tsegaye Amlak
Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
Adam Wondmieneh
author_facet Addisu Getie
Melaku Bimerew
Mihretie Gedfew
Baye Tsegaye Amlak
Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
Adam Wondmieneh
author_sort Addisu Getie
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a medical condition caused by neurodegeneration, marked by a gradual decline in neurological, motor, psychological, and cognitive domain functions, as well as daily activities. It primarily affects individuals with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, cancer, epilepsy, dementia, and other chronic illnesses, as well as older adults. While some individual studies have explored the effects of cognitive impairment, there is a lack of nationwide research to provide a comprehensive understanding of its burden among individuals with chronic diseases. Objective: To assess the pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated factors among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: Several databases were examined to find available articles. The data were extracted and sorted in Microsoft Excel before being exported to STATA/MP 17.0 for analysis. A random-effects Der Simonian-Laird model with a 95 % confidence interval was used to pool the data. Cochrane I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. To determine the cause of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed. A log-odds ratio was utilized to illustrate the association between cognitive impairment and its associated factors. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: This study included 22 individual articles comprising a total of 6818 participants. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases was 44.43 % (95 % CI: 37.76–51.10). Studies conducted in Addis Ababa reported a higher prevalence of 50.89 % (95 % CI: 34.59–67.19). Similarly, research focusing on older adults indicated the highest prevalence, at 57.58 % (95 % CI: 28.78–86.39). Participants who are unable to read and write were 3.82 times more likely to experience cognitive impairment compared to those who had completed primary education (AOR = 3.82; 95 % CI: 2.97–4.91). Conclusion: This review found a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among Ethiopians with chronic diseases, especially in older adults and those in Addis Ababa. Illiteracy significantly increased the risk. These findings highlight the need for targeted cognitive screening and integration of cognitive care into chronic disease management.
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spelling doaj-art-0079ce98eb9b450ea5ce8384805f3a562025-08-20T02:31:12ZengElsevierArchives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus2950-30782025-09-012310017110.1016/j.aggp.2025.100171The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysisAddisu Getie0Melaku Bimerew1Mihretie Gedfew2Baye Tsegaye Amlak3Tegene Atamenta Kitaw4Adam Wondmieneh5Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaIntroduction: Cognitive impairment is a medical condition caused by neurodegeneration, marked by a gradual decline in neurological, motor, psychological, and cognitive domain functions, as well as daily activities. It primarily affects individuals with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, cancer, epilepsy, dementia, and other chronic illnesses, as well as older adults. While some individual studies have explored the effects of cognitive impairment, there is a lack of nationwide research to provide a comprehensive understanding of its burden among individuals with chronic diseases. Objective: To assess the pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated factors among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: Several databases were examined to find available articles. The data were extracted and sorted in Microsoft Excel before being exported to STATA/MP 17.0 for analysis. A random-effects Der Simonian-Laird model with a 95 % confidence interval was used to pool the data. Cochrane I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. To determine the cause of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed. A log-odds ratio was utilized to illustrate the association between cognitive impairment and its associated factors. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: This study included 22 individual articles comprising a total of 6818 participants. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases was 44.43 % (95 % CI: 37.76–51.10). Studies conducted in Addis Ababa reported a higher prevalence of 50.89 % (95 % CI: 34.59–67.19). Similarly, research focusing on older adults indicated the highest prevalence, at 57.58 % (95 % CI: 28.78–86.39). Participants who are unable to read and write were 3.82 times more likely to experience cognitive impairment compared to those who had completed primary education (AOR = 3.82; 95 % CI: 2.97–4.91). Conclusion: This review found a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among Ethiopians with chronic diseases, especially in older adults and those in Addis Ababa. Illiteracy significantly increased the risk. These findings highlight the need for targeted cognitive screening and integration of cognitive care into chronic disease management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000530CognitionCognitive impairmentAssociated factorsEthiopia
spellingShingle Addisu Getie
Melaku Bimerew
Mihretie Gedfew
Baye Tsegaye Amlak
Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
Adam Wondmieneh
The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus
Cognition
Cognitive impairment
Associated factors
Ethiopia
title The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort burden and determinants of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases in ethiopia a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Cognition
Cognitive impairment
Associated factors
Ethiopia
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000530
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