Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis
Goat production in the dry forest of northern Peru is essential for rural livelihoods but remains poorly characterized regarding its productivity and sustainability. This study used multivariate techniques—a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Victor Temoche Irene Acosta Pablo Gonzales David Godoy Padilla Omar Jibája Juancarlos Cruz Flor-Anita Corredor |
| author_facet | Victor Temoche Irene Acosta Pablo Gonzales David Godoy Padilla Omar Jibája Juancarlos Cruz Flor-Anita Corredor |
| author_sort | Victor Temoche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Goat production in the dry forest of northern Peru is essential for rural livelihoods but remains poorly characterized regarding its productivity and sustainability. This study used multivariate techniques—a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)—to analyze data from 284 producers in Tumbes, Piura, and Lambayeque. Surveys captured 48 variables (41 qualitative, seven quantitative) on productivity, socioeconomics, and management. The MCA explained 22.07% of the variability in two dimensions, while the PCA accounted for 63.9%, focusing on productivity and diversification. The FAMD integrated these variables, explaining 51.12% of variability across five dimensions, emphasizing socioeconomic and management differences. The HCA identified three clusters: cluster 1 featured intensive systems with advanced management and commercial focus, cluster 2 included extensive systems limited by water scarcity, and cluster 3 reflected semi-intensive systems with irrigation and diversified production. These findings provide a detailed understanding of goat systems in northern Peru, identifying opportunities to improve resource use and tailor strategies to enhance sustainability. The multivariate analysis proved effective in capturing the complexity of these systems, supporting productivity and improving livelihoods in rural areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-006a3ea53c724972aa2cd4bf0a3389a2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-006a3ea53c724972aa2cd4bf0a3389a22025-08-20T03:11:07ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115456710.3390/ani15040567Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate AnalysisVictor Temoche0Irene Acosta1Pablo Gonzales2David Godoy Padilla3Omar Jibája4Juancarlos Cruz5Flor-Anita Corredor6Estación Experimental Los Cedros, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Los Cedros, Corrales, Tumbes 24500, PeruEstación Experimental Agraria Vista Florida, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Chiclayo, Chiclayo 14006, PeruEstación Experimental Agraria El Chira, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Marcavelica, Sullana 20120, PeruEscuela de Posgrado, Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, La Molina, Lima l2791, PeruDepartamento Académico de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes (Untumbes), Los Cedros, Corrales, Tumbes 24500, PeruEstación Experimental La Molina, Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), La Molina, Lima l2791, PeruEstación Experimental La Molina, Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), La Molina, Lima l2791, PeruGoat production in the dry forest of northern Peru is essential for rural livelihoods but remains poorly characterized regarding its productivity and sustainability. This study used multivariate techniques—a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)—to analyze data from 284 producers in Tumbes, Piura, and Lambayeque. Surveys captured 48 variables (41 qualitative, seven quantitative) on productivity, socioeconomics, and management. The MCA explained 22.07% of the variability in two dimensions, while the PCA accounted for 63.9%, focusing on productivity and diversification. The FAMD integrated these variables, explaining 51.12% of variability across five dimensions, emphasizing socioeconomic and management differences. The HCA identified three clusters: cluster 1 featured intensive systems with advanced management and commercial focus, cluster 2 included extensive systems limited by water scarcity, and cluster 3 reflected semi-intensive systems with irrigation and diversified production. These findings provide a detailed understanding of goat systems in northern Peru, identifying opportunities to improve resource use and tailor strategies to enhance sustainability. The multivariate analysis proved effective in capturing the complexity of these systems, supporting productivity and improving livelihoods in rural areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/567goat production systemsmultivariate analysisdry forestlivestock typologynorthern Peru |
| spellingShingle | Victor Temoche Irene Acosta Pablo Gonzales David Godoy Padilla Omar Jibája Juancarlos Cruz Flor-Anita Corredor Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis Animals goat production systems multivariate analysis dry forest livestock typology northern Peru |
| title | Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis |
| title_full | Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis |
| title_short | Characterization of Goat Production Systems in the Northern Dry Forest of Peru Using a Multivariate Analysis |
| title_sort | characterization of goat production systems in the northern dry forest of peru using a multivariate analysis |
| topic | goat production systems multivariate analysis dry forest livestock typology northern Peru |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/567 |
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