On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath

The evolution of the velocity distribution of pickup ions is crucial for understanding the energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes observed by Interstellar Boundary Explorer. Pickup ions in the heliosheath contain two main components: those transmitted across the heliospheric termination shock and those...

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Main Authors: Senbei Du, Merav Opher, Marc Kornbleuth
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbc9a
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author Senbei Du
Merav Opher
Marc Kornbleuth
author_facet Senbei Du
Merav Opher
Marc Kornbleuth
author_sort Senbei Du
collection DOAJ
description The evolution of the velocity distribution of pickup ions is crucial for understanding the energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes observed by Interstellar Boundary Explorer. Pickup ions in the heliosheath contain two main components: those transmitted across the heliospheric termination shock and those locally created within the heliosheath. In this work, we discuss the velocity distribution of the latter locally created component. We find that pickup ions created by the charge exchange of neutral solar wind (NSW) may be a significant source of the observed ENA fluxes between about 100 eV and 1 keV. Moreover, newborn pickup ions can maintain highly anisotropic velocity distribution in the heliosheath. This is because the kinetic instabilities are weak after the solar wind flow decelerates at the termination shock. Hybrid kinetic simulations show the mirror instability to be the dominant mode for conditions in the heliosheath close to the termination shock. We estimate that effects of NSW and anisotropy may enhance the expected phase space density of newborn pickup ions by more than a factor of 100.
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spelling doaj-art-0068fe4e8d9c49499bc82b01dd4a390e2025-08-20T01:54:57ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019822L5910.3847/2041-8213/adbc9aOn the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the HeliosheathSenbei Du0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-3909Merav Opher1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-8273Marc Kornbleuth2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-1766Center for Space Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA ; sdu@bu.eduCenter for Space Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA ; sdu@bu.edu; Astronomy Department, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USACenter for Space Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA ; sdu@bu.eduThe evolution of the velocity distribution of pickup ions is crucial for understanding the energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes observed by Interstellar Boundary Explorer. Pickup ions in the heliosheath contain two main components: those transmitted across the heliospheric termination shock and those locally created within the heliosheath. In this work, we discuss the velocity distribution of the latter locally created component. We find that pickup ions created by the charge exchange of neutral solar wind (NSW) may be a significant source of the observed ENA fluxes between about 100 eV and 1 keV. Moreover, newborn pickup ions can maintain highly anisotropic velocity distribution in the heliosheath. This is because the kinetic instabilities are weak after the solar wind flow decelerates at the termination shock. Hybrid kinetic simulations show the mirror instability to be the dominant mode for conditions in the heliosheath close to the termination shock. We estimate that effects of NSW and anisotropy may enhance the expected phase space density of newborn pickup ions by more than a factor of 100.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbc9aHeliospherePickup ionsHeliosheath
spellingShingle Senbei Du
Merav Opher
Marc Kornbleuth
On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Heliosphere
Pickup ions
Heliosheath
title On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
title_full On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
title_fullStr On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
title_full_unstemmed On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
title_short On the Anisotropic Velocity Distribution of Newborn Pickup Ions in the Heliosheath
title_sort on the anisotropic velocity distribution of newborn pickup ions in the heliosheath
topic Heliosphere
Pickup ions
Heliosheath
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbc9a
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