Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean
Drought stress is one of the major adversity stresses affecting soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) yield. Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA protein) is a large family of proteins widely distributed in various types of organisms, and this class of proteins plays an important r...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xinyu Wang Yao Sun Rui Wang Xinyang Li Yongyi Li Tianyu Wang Zhaohao Guo Yan Li Wenxi Qiu Shuyan Guan Qi Zhang Piwu Wang Mingze Li Siyan Liu Xuhong Fan |
| author_facet | Xinyu Wang Yao Sun Rui Wang Xinyang Li Yongyi Li Tianyu Wang Zhaohao Guo Yan Li Wenxi Qiu Shuyan Guan Qi Zhang Piwu Wang Mingze Li Siyan Liu Xuhong Fan |
| author_sort | Xinyu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought stress is one of the major adversity stresses affecting soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) yield. Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA protein) is a large family of proteins widely distributed in various types of organisms, and this class of proteins plays an important role in protecting proteins, membrane lipids, and lipids inside the cell. The soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene is a member of the LEA_6 subfamily. The expression of the <i>GmPM35</i> gene was significantly increased after drought stress in soybeans. A subcellular localization assay confirmed that the gene acts on the cell membrane. Against wild-type <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, we found that Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene were significantly more drought-tolerant at germination and seedling stages under drought stress. To further investigate the drought tolerance function of this gene in soybeans, nine overexpression lines of the T<sub>3</sub> generation soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene and two editing lines of the T<sub>3</sub> generation soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated method using a wild-type soybean strain (JN28) as a receptor. Germination rate, root length, chlorophyll (CHL) content, Proline (Pro) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) content, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content, (NBT, DAB) staining, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD), and photosynthetic physiological indexes of the three different types of strains were measured and analyzed before and after drought stress. Combined with the results of rehydration experiments and physiological and biochemical indices, we found that overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> gene protected the activities of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased by an average of 34.28%, 26.12%, and 30.01%, respectively, in soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene compared with wild-type soybeans. Under drought stress conditions, soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene showed an average increase of 76.81% in photosynthesis rate (Pn), 39.8% in transpiration rate (Tr), 126% in stomatal conductance (Gs), 47.71% in intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (Ci), and 26.44% in instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). The improvement of these indexes helped to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plants. In addition, we found that under drought stress, the MDA content was reduced by an average of 18.8%, and the Pro content was increased by an average of 60.14% in soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene, and the changes in these indexes indicated that the plants had stronger antioxidant and osmoregulatory capacities in response to drought stress. In summary, this experiment demonstrated that the <i>GmPM35</i> gene plays an important role in soybean tolerance to drought stress, and by overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene, soybean plants can better tolerate drought stress and maintain normal physiological functions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-005fc58c98934b15b6d61c9738fc72072025-01-24T13:17:07ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-01-0115119210.3390/agronomy15010192Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and SoybeanXinyu Wang0Yao Sun1Rui Wang2Xinyang Li3Yongyi Li4Tianyu Wang5Zhaohao Guo6Yan Li7Wenxi Qiu8Shuyan Guan9Qi Zhang10Piwu Wang11Mingze Li12Siyan Liu13Xuhong Fan14College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaLiaoyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaoyuan 136200, ChinaTianjin Ringpu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300308, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Yanbian 133000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSoybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun 130033, ChinaDrought stress is one of the major adversity stresses affecting soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) yield. Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA protein) is a large family of proteins widely distributed in various types of organisms, and this class of proteins plays an important role in protecting proteins, membrane lipids, and lipids inside the cell. The soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene is a member of the LEA_6 subfamily. The expression of the <i>GmPM35</i> gene was significantly increased after drought stress in soybeans. A subcellular localization assay confirmed that the gene acts on the cell membrane. Against wild-type <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, we found that Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene were significantly more drought-tolerant at germination and seedling stages under drought stress. To further investigate the drought tolerance function of this gene in soybeans, nine overexpression lines of the T<sub>3</sub> generation soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene and two editing lines of the T<sub>3</sub> generation soybean <i>GmPM35</i> gene were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated method using a wild-type soybean strain (JN28) as a receptor. Germination rate, root length, chlorophyll (CHL) content, Proline (Pro) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) content, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content, (NBT, DAB) staining, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD), and photosynthetic physiological indexes of the three different types of strains were measured and analyzed before and after drought stress. Combined with the results of rehydration experiments and physiological and biochemical indices, we found that overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> gene protected the activities of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased by an average of 34.28%, 26.12%, and 30.01%, respectively, in soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene compared with wild-type soybeans. Under drought stress conditions, soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene showed an average increase of 76.81% in photosynthesis rate (Pn), 39.8% in transpiration rate (Tr), 126% in stomatal conductance (Gs), 47.71% in intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (Ci), and 26.44% in instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). The improvement of these indexes helped to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plants. In addition, we found that under drought stress, the MDA content was reduced by an average of 18.8%, and the Pro content was increased by an average of 60.14% in soybean plants overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene, and the changes in these indexes indicated that the plants had stronger antioxidant and osmoregulatory capacities in response to drought stress. In summary, this experiment demonstrated that the <i>GmPM35</i> gene plays an important role in soybean tolerance to drought stress, and by overexpressing the <i>GmPM35</i> gene, soybean plants can better tolerate drought stress and maintain normal physiological functions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/192soybeans<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>LEA<i>GmPM35</i>drought toleranceROS |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Wang Yao Sun Rui Wang Xinyang Li Yongyi Li Tianyu Wang Zhaohao Guo Yan Li Wenxi Qiu Shuyan Guan Qi Zhang Piwu Wang Mingze Li Siyan Liu Xuhong Fan Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean Agronomy soybeans <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> LEA <i>GmPM35</i> drought tolerance ROS |
| title | Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean |
| title_full | Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean |
| title_fullStr | Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean |
| title_short | Overexpression of the <i>GmPM35</i> Gene Significantly Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Soybean |
| title_sort | overexpression of the i gmpm35 i gene significantly enhances drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis and soybean |
| topic | soybeans <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> LEA <i>GmPM35</i> drought tolerance ROS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/192 |
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