The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets

The S100B protein, known for its role in the central and enteric nervous systems, has recently been identified in dietary sources such as milk, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. Given its potential interaction with the gut microbiota, this study explores the relationship between dietary intake...

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Main Authors: Tehreema Ghaffar, Veronica Volpini, Serena Platania, Olga Vassioukovitch, Alessandra Valle, Federica Valeriani, Fabrizio Michetti, Vincenzo Romano Spica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1047
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author Tehreema Ghaffar
Veronica Volpini
Serena Platania
Olga Vassioukovitch
Alessandra Valle
Federica Valeriani
Fabrizio Michetti
Vincenzo Romano Spica
author_facet Tehreema Ghaffar
Veronica Volpini
Serena Platania
Olga Vassioukovitch
Alessandra Valle
Federica Valeriani
Fabrizio Michetti
Vincenzo Romano Spica
author_sort Tehreema Ghaffar
collection DOAJ
description The S100B protein, known for its role in the central and enteric nervous systems, has recently been identified in dietary sources such as milk, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. Given its potential interaction with the gut microbiota, this study explores the relationship between dietary intake of S100B and microbiota biodiversity across different diets. A comprehensive study was conducted, estimating S100B concentrations in 13 dietary patterns recommended in different countries. This is the first study to provide a comparative estimation of S100B exposure from the diet and to explore its potential ecological and epidemiological relevance. The association between S100B levels and microbiota biodiversity was statistically analyzed, showing a direct correlation. Microbial diversity was assessed using the Shannon index, based on data extracted from studies reporting microbiota composition across dietary patterns. Additionally, the relative risk of Crohn’s disease was assessed in different populations to examine potential links between dietary patterns, S100B, and chronic disease prevention. A moderate positive correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.537) was found between S100B concentration and Shannon index, suggesting that diets higher in S100B (e.g., Mediterranean diet) were associated with higher microbial alpha-diversity. Furthermore, Western-style diets, with the lowest S100B levels, exhibited a higher relative risk for Crohn’s disease (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.780). These findings highlight the potential role of dietary S100B content in modulating gut microbiota diversity and reducing chronic disease risk.
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spelling doaj-art-0056d64294b242a5b5e8e1f957e797d02025-08-20T03:36:14ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-07-01157104710.3390/biom15071047The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different DietsTehreema Ghaffar0Veronica Volpini1Serena Platania2Olga Vassioukovitch3Alessandra Valle4Federica Valeriani5Fabrizio Michetti6Vincenzo Romano Spica7Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, ItalyGenes Research Start Up, 00187 Rome, ItalyGenes Research Start Up, 00187 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, ItalyGenes Research Start Up, 00187 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, ItalyThe S100B protein, known for its role in the central and enteric nervous systems, has recently been identified in dietary sources such as milk, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. Given its potential interaction with the gut microbiota, this study explores the relationship between dietary intake of S100B and microbiota biodiversity across different diets. A comprehensive study was conducted, estimating S100B concentrations in 13 dietary patterns recommended in different countries. This is the first study to provide a comparative estimation of S100B exposure from the diet and to explore its potential ecological and epidemiological relevance. The association between S100B levels and microbiota biodiversity was statistically analyzed, showing a direct correlation. Microbial diversity was assessed using the Shannon index, based on data extracted from studies reporting microbiota composition across dietary patterns. Additionally, the relative risk of Crohn’s disease was assessed in different populations to examine potential links between dietary patterns, S100B, and chronic disease prevention. A moderate positive correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.537) was found between S100B concentration and Shannon index, suggesting that diets higher in S100B (e.g., Mediterranean diet) were associated with higher microbial alpha-diversity. Furthermore, Western-style diets, with the lowest S100B levels, exhibited a higher relative risk for Crohn’s disease (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.780). These findings highlight the potential role of dietary S100B content in modulating gut microbiota diversity and reducing chronic disease risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1047S100Bgut microbiotadietShannon indexfoodchronic disease prevention
spellingShingle Tehreema Ghaffar
Veronica Volpini
Serena Platania
Olga Vassioukovitch
Alessandra Valle
Federica Valeriani
Fabrizio Michetti
Vincenzo Romano Spica
The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
Biomolecules
S100B
gut microbiota
diet
Shannon index
food
chronic disease prevention
title The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
title_full The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
title_fullStr The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
title_full_unstemmed The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
title_short The Estimated Intake of S100B Relates to Microbiota Biodiversity in Different Diets
title_sort estimated intake of s100b relates to microbiota biodiversity in different diets
topic S100B
gut microbiota
diet
Shannon index
food
chronic disease prevention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1047
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