Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales

In this paper, an Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered (SVIR) epidemic model incorporating relapse dynamics on a timescale was studied. Using the dynamic inequalities: $ \mathsf{S}(\mathtt{r})\le \alpha^\mathsf{U}/(\alpha^\mathsf{L}+ \gamma^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{V}(\mathtt{r})\le \g...

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Main Authors: Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao, Mahammad Khuddush, Ahmed H. Msmali, Ali H. Hakami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2025-02-01
Series:AIMS Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025194
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author Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao
Mahammad Khuddush
Ahmed H. Msmali
Ali H. Hakami
author_facet Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao
Mahammad Khuddush
Ahmed H. Msmali
Ali H. Hakami
author_sort Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, an Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered (SVIR) epidemic model incorporating relapse dynamics on a timescale was studied. Using the dynamic inequalities: $ \mathsf{S}(\mathtt{r})\le \alpha^\mathsf{U}/(\alpha^\mathsf{L}+ \gamma^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{V}(\mathtt{r})\le \gamma^\mathsf{U}\ell_{11}/(\alpha^\mathsf{L} + \delta_1^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{I}(\mathtt{r})\le\alpha^\mathsf{U}/\alpha^\mathsf{L}+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{R}(\mathtt{r})\le(\delta_1^\mathsf{U}\ell_{12}+\delta^\mathsf{U}\ell_{13})/(\alpha^\mathsf{L}+\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{S}(\mathtt{r})\ge \alpha^\mathsf{L}/(\alpha^\mathsf{U} +\beta^\mathsf{U}\ell_1+ \gamma^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{V}(\mathtt{r})\ge \gamma^\mathsf{L}\ell_0/(\alpha^\mathsf{U}+ \beta_1^\mathsf{U}\ell_1+\delta_1^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{I}(\mathtt{r})\ge\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{L}\ell_{03}/(\delta^\mathsf{U}+\alpha^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{R}(\mathtt{r})\ge\delta_1^\mathsf{L}\ell_{02}/(\alpha^\mathsf{U}+\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ and constructing an appropriate Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions were determined to guarantee the permanence of the system. Additionally, the existence, uniqueness, and uniform asymptotic stability of globally attractive, almost periodic positive solutions were derived. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis highlighted the significance of relapse dynamics. Numerical simulations were included to validate the system's permanence, demonstrating that the disease persists under certain conditions. These simulations revealed that vaccination and relapse dynamics played a crucial role in controlling the epidemic. Specifically, as long as the infected population remained smaller than the susceptible population, the infection was controlled, keeping both the infected and recovered populations low. Their oscillatory behavior suggested that periodic vaccinations may be key to stabilizing disease dynamics. This study underscored the applicability of the proposed model in providing a robust theoretical foundation for understanding and managing the spread of infectious diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-004e6385cfbb47b3bfcbff82757d757a2025-08-20T03:17:09ZengAIMS PressAIMS Mathematics2473-69882025-02-011024173420410.3934/math.2025194Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescalesSabbavarapu Nageswara Rao0Mahammad Khuddush1Ahmed H. Msmali2Ali H. Hakami3Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, LearningMate, Straive, SPi Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Visakhapatnam, 530002, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi ArabiaIn this paper, an Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered (SVIR) epidemic model incorporating relapse dynamics on a timescale was studied. Using the dynamic inequalities: $ \mathsf{S}(\mathtt{r})\le \alpha^\mathsf{U}/(\alpha^\mathsf{L}+ \gamma^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{V}(\mathtt{r})\le \gamma^\mathsf{U}\ell_{11}/(\alpha^\mathsf{L} + \delta_1^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{I}(\mathtt{r})\le\alpha^\mathsf{U}/\alpha^\mathsf{L}+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{R}(\mathtt{r})\le(\delta_1^\mathsf{U}\ell_{12}+\delta^\mathsf{U}\ell_{13})/(\alpha^\mathsf{L}+\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{L})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{S}(\mathtt{r})\ge \alpha^\mathsf{L}/(\alpha^\mathsf{U} +\beta^\mathsf{U}\ell_1+ \gamma^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{V}(\mathtt{r})\ge \gamma^\mathsf{L}\ell_0/(\alpha^\mathsf{U}+ \beta_1^\mathsf{U}\ell_1+\delta_1^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{I}(\mathtt{r})\ge\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{L}\ell_{03}/(\delta^\mathsf{U}+\alpha^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ $ \mathsf{R}(\mathtt{r})\ge\delta_1^\mathsf{L}\ell_{02}/(\alpha^\mathsf{U}+\mathsf{d}^\mathsf{U})+\epsilon, $ and constructing an appropriate Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions were determined to guarantee the permanence of the system. Additionally, the existence, uniqueness, and uniform asymptotic stability of globally attractive, almost periodic positive solutions were derived. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis highlighted the significance of relapse dynamics. Numerical simulations were included to validate the system's permanence, demonstrating that the disease persists under certain conditions. These simulations revealed that vaccination and relapse dynamics played a crucial role in controlling the epidemic. Specifically, as long as the infected population remained smaller than the susceptible population, the infection was controlled, keeping both the infected and recovered populations low. Their oscillatory behavior suggested that periodic vaccinations may be key to stabilizing disease dynamics. This study underscored the applicability of the proposed model in providing a robust theoretical foundation for understanding and managing the spread of infectious diseases.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025194svir modelepidemic modeltimescalealmost periodic positive solution
spellingShingle Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao
Mahammad Khuddush
Ahmed H. Msmali
Ali H. Hakami
Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
AIMS Mathematics
svir model
epidemic model
timescale
almost periodic positive solution
title Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
title_full Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
title_fullStr Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
title_full_unstemmed Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
title_short Persistence and stability in an SVIR epidemic model with relapse on timescales
title_sort persistence and stability in an svir epidemic model with relapse on timescales
topic svir model
epidemic model
timescale
almost periodic positive solution
url https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025194
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