Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability

The distribution of suitable habitats for medicinal plants is affected by climate, soil, land use, and other factors. <i>Arnebiae Radix</i>, an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource in Xinjiang, includes <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> (Royle) I. M. Johnst. and <i>Ar...

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Main Authors: Yanlin Wang, Shuo Yan, Shanshan Gao, Huanchu Liu, Qi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1669
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author Yanlin Wang
Shuo Yan
Shanshan Gao
Huanchu Liu
Qi Wang
author_facet Yanlin Wang
Shuo Yan
Shanshan Gao
Huanchu Liu
Qi Wang
author_sort Yanlin Wang
collection DOAJ
description The distribution of suitable habitats for medicinal plants is affected by climate, soil, land use, and other factors. <i>Arnebiae Radix</i>, an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource in Xinjiang, includes <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> (Royle) I. M. Johnst. and <i>Arnebia guttata</i> Bunge and is at risk of over-exploitation. This study predicted suitable planting areas by integrating habitat and phytochemical suitability using the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The AUC values for <i>A. euchroma</i> and <i>A. guttata</i> were 0.977 and 0.952, with TSS values of 0.829 and 0.725, respectively, validating the high accuracy of the prediction model. Under the current scenario, the areas of suitable habitats for <i>A. euchroma</i> and <i>A. guttata</i> were 108,914 and 176,445 km<sup>2</sup>, mainly distributed along the main mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat area of <i>A. euchroma</i> increased by 11–18%, except in the ssp126-2090s scenario, while the suitable habitat area of <i>A. guttata</i> area decreased by 3–18%. Both species were influenced by land use/land cover and soil available nitrogen content; additionally, <i>A. euchroma</i> was affected by the precipitation in the driest month, and <i>A. guttata</i> by the mean diurnal range. The content of secondary metabolites was positively correlated with habitat suitability, with soil factors contributing 35.25% to the total secondary metabolite content. Their suitable habitats predominantly occur in grasslands (42–82%). As habitat and phytochemical suitability distributions aligned, the eastern and western sides of the northern Kunlun Mountain Pass emerged as key areas for cultivation. This research can provide a scientific foundation for selecting optimal planting regions for the two <i>Arnebia</i> species.
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spelling doaj-art-003f9dbdc40645a1816e76aa6bfc083e2025-08-20T03:11:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011411166910.3390/plants14111669Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical SuitabilityYanlin Wang0Shuo Yan1Shanshan Gao2Huanchu Liu3Qi Wang4Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, ChinaLiaoning Shenyang Urban Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110164, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaThe distribution of suitable habitats for medicinal plants is affected by climate, soil, land use, and other factors. <i>Arnebiae Radix</i>, an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource in Xinjiang, includes <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> (Royle) I. M. Johnst. and <i>Arnebia guttata</i> Bunge and is at risk of over-exploitation. This study predicted suitable planting areas by integrating habitat and phytochemical suitability using the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The AUC values for <i>A. euchroma</i> and <i>A. guttata</i> were 0.977 and 0.952, with TSS values of 0.829 and 0.725, respectively, validating the high accuracy of the prediction model. Under the current scenario, the areas of suitable habitats for <i>A. euchroma</i> and <i>A. guttata</i> were 108,914 and 176,445 km<sup>2</sup>, mainly distributed along the main mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat area of <i>A. euchroma</i> increased by 11–18%, except in the ssp126-2090s scenario, while the suitable habitat area of <i>A. guttata</i> area decreased by 3–18%. Both species were influenced by land use/land cover and soil available nitrogen content; additionally, <i>A. euchroma</i> was affected by the precipitation in the driest month, and <i>A. guttata</i> by the mean diurnal range. The content of secondary metabolites was positively correlated with habitat suitability, with soil factors contributing 35.25% to the total secondary metabolite content. Their suitable habitats predominantly occur in grasslands (42–82%). As habitat and phytochemical suitability distributions aligned, the eastern and western sides of the northern Kunlun Mountain Pass emerged as key areas for cultivation. This research can provide a scientific foundation for selecting optimal planting regions for the two <i>Arnebia</i> species.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1669<i>Arnebia</i> speciesmedicinal plantclimate changeland use/land coversuitable planting areas
spellingShingle Yanlin Wang
Shuo Yan
Shanshan Gao
Huanchu Liu
Qi Wang
Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
Plants
<i>Arnebia</i> species
medicinal plant
climate change
land use/land cover
suitable planting areas
title Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
title_full Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
title_fullStr Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
title_full_unstemmed Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
title_short Suitable Planting Area Prediction for Two <i>Arnebia</i> Species: An Analysis Based on Habitat and Phytochemical Suitability
title_sort suitable planting area prediction for two i arnebia i species an analysis based on habitat and phytochemical suitability
topic <i>Arnebia</i> species
medicinal plant
climate change
land use/land cover
suitable planting areas
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1669
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AT shanshangao suitableplantingareapredictionfortwoiarnebiaispeciesananalysisbasedonhabitatandphytochemicalsuitability
AT huanchuliu suitableplantingareapredictionfortwoiarnebiaispeciesananalysisbasedonhabitatandphytochemicalsuitability
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