Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework

Bearing faults are a critical concern in electrical machines, particularly permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), commonly used in electric vehicles. Early and accurate classification of bearing fault severity is essential for predictive maintenance, as it enhances cost-effectiveness, ensures...

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Main Authors: Korawege N. C. Jayasena, Battur Batkhishig, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Ali Emadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11082138/
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author Korawege N. C. Jayasena
Battur Batkhishig
Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh
Ali Emadi
author_facet Korawege N. C. Jayasena
Battur Batkhishig
Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh
Ali Emadi
author_sort Korawege N. C. Jayasena
collection DOAJ
description Bearing faults are a critical concern in electrical machines, particularly permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), commonly used in electric vehicles. Early and accurate classification of bearing fault severity is essential for predictive maintenance, as it enhances cost-effectiveness, ensures safety, and extends product life. Although vibration-based monitoring offers rich diagnostic information, it remains costly and requires excess modifications. In contrast, current-based non-invasive techniques offer advantages in cost and integration but face challenges with accuracy due to operational complexities. This study presents six distinct artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based cascaded classification schemes for bearing fault severity classification. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with Symlet (Sym) is used for multi-resolution feature extraction in currents, combined with motor speed data to generate multi-channel features. These features are fed into an ANN-based level I algorithm using various fusion techniques, offering a more interpretable algorithmic framework. One approach employs a multi-input ANN for level I, integrated with an ANN-based level II for refined severity classification. This two-level cascaded approach achieves an accuracy over 99% on the Paderborn University dataset in various operational scenarios. The model is trained and analyzed using MATLAB. The proposed cascaded algorithms outperform single-stage models, and enhanced signal preprocessing improves accuracy and noise resilience. Additionally, the proposed risk-based performance indicator offers insights into maintenance strategies, while an optimum algorithm selection framework identifies an algorithm by considering a trade-off between computational complexity and accuracy.
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spelling doaj-art-00364116add54f00ac53b82c697c8bad2025-08-20T03:31:30ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312967812970110.1109/ACCESS.2025.358975011082138Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded FrameworkKorawege N. C. Jayasena0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-9412Battur Batkhishig1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-2403Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-2731Ali Emadi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, McMaster Automotive Resource Centre (MARC), McMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaBearing faults are a critical concern in electrical machines, particularly permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), commonly used in electric vehicles. Early and accurate classification of bearing fault severity is essential for predictive maintenance, as it enhances cost-effectiveness, ensures safety, and extends product life. Although vibration-based monitoring offers rich diagnostic information, it remains costly and requires excess modifications. In contrast, current-based non-invasive techniques offer advantages in cost and integration but face challenges with accuracy due to operational complexities. This study presents six distinct artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based cascaded classification schemes for bearing fault severity classification. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with Symlet (Sym) is used for multi-resolution feature extraction in currents, combined with motor speed data to generate multi-channel features. These features are fed into an ANN-based level I algorithm using various fusion techniques, offering a more interpretable algorithmic framework. One approach employs a multi-input ANN for level I, integrated with an ANN-based level II for refined severity classification. This two-level cascaded approach achieves an accuracy over 99% on the Paderborn University dataset in various operational scenarios. The model is trained and analyzed using MATLAB. The proposed cascaded algorithms outperform single-stage models, and enhanced signal preprocessing improves accuracy and noise resilience. Additionally, the proposed risk-based performance indicator offers insights into maintenance strategies, while an optimum algorithm selection framework identifies an algorithm by considering a trade-off between computational complexity and accuracy.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11082138/Artificial neural networks (ANNs)bearing fault severitycurrent signaturefeature fusioninterpretable artificial intelligencemultilevel cascaded framework
spellingShingle Korawege N. C. Jayasena
Battur Batkhishig
Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh
Ali Emadi
Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
IEEE Access
Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
bearing fault severity
current signature
feature fusion
interpretable artificial intelligence
multilevel cascaded framework
title Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
title_full Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
title_fullStr Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
title_full_unstemmed Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
title_short Current Signature-Based Bearing Fault Severity Classification Using a Robust Multilevel Cascaded Framework
title_sort current signature based bearing fault severity classification using a robust multilevel cascaded framework
topic Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
bearing fault severity
current signature
feature fusion
interpretable artificial intelligence
multilevel cascaded framework
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11082138/
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AT babaknahidmobarakeh currentsignaturebasedbearingfaultseverityclassificationusingarobustmultilevelcascadedframework
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